As one of the first anti‐colonial movements of the twentieth century, the Indian struggle for independence has attracted a vast and rich historiography. Much of this has been focused within the boundaries of India. This article adds a transnational dimension by examining Indian anti‐colonial activism in exile. The experience of political exile, both voluntary and involuntary, provides insight into the international dimensions of radical politics. This article tells the story of some of these exiled revolutionaries, looking at radical Indian nationalists in London (1905–10); the emergence of the Ghadar movement in the United States (from 1914); and the early career of anti‐colonial revolutionary M. N. Roy (1917–19). It gauges the impact of global events including the First World War and the Bolshevik revolution on the thoughts, ideas, movements, collaborations and confrontations of these actors.
This article seeks to understand how feminist thought and practice in the early twentieth century intersected with emergent movements against British imperialism. By tracing relations between Indian, Irish and British feminists, it delineates the diverse ways in which women, across imperial spaces, adopted emergent languages of internationalism and female fraternity to further their political ambitions. This article moves beyond the geographical boundaries of colony and metropole to uncover a much wider circulation of ideas, practices and solidarities amongst feminist networks in the early twentieth century. Collectively, the stories presented in this article convey multiple feminist political imaginaries in an era defined at once by imperial crisis and the rise of internationalism. They show that women's choices of political association in the autumn of empire were determined by their ideological affinity, political practice and social class rather than their country of origin or ethnic identity alone.
This introduction surveys recent scholarship that examines decolonization in a global frame. While doing so, it contends that a paradox defines the current state of the field. Many historians have broached the topic of decolonization and highlighted its salience in world history. Yet, the history of decolonization has been an undertheorized topic of study in the field of global history. Few scholars have articulated the potential contribution of global history with respect to historicizing the global ends of empire. This introduction amends this historiographical oversight. It insists that global history holds a clear advantage for examining the structural and normative changes which the process of decolonization encompasses. This special issue claims this advantage by returning to two of global history’s long-standing commitments: its embrace of methodological pluralism and focus on analytical integration. This introduction argues that historians will benefit from deploying an integrated global historical approach when evaluating decolonization in a global frame. It then explores how the subsequent six articles demonstrate this approach’s analytical advantages.
did get slightly bogged down in the different drugs, and patents, and the story of Big Pharma. To be fair, this is a big part of the quest for the 'biology of mental illness', and I cannot on the one hand praise the analytical engine that moves this story on, and then complain on the other that this focus leaves too much out. There are many good -and many horrifying -anecdotes and examples scattered throughout. The story about lithium and the soft drink 7 Up (p. 224) is characteristic of the tone in these stories: irreverent, gently humorous, but still part of a serious story. The material on the placebo effect, and the efforts of drug companies to manage and contain this phenomenon is extremely insightful engaging -and no wonder, as Harrington has previously edited a collection on this topic.Despite all the heat and disagreement in the history of psychiatry, there are precious few moments in Harrington's book where I winced at something that caused me serious disagreement. One of the few times I did deserves mention. In the final ('Afterthoughts') section, Harrington describes it as 'good news' that the 'restless ex-patient and psychiatric survivor movements . . . have morphed into consumer advocacy groups that have won for patients a voice in their own care and -in the current preferred lingo -"recovery"' (p. 272). I am not sure why 'restless' is used as an adjective here, and even less sure that describing the recovery model in such glowing terms -with apparently no sense of the opposition to this term -is appropriate when talking of patient advocacy.It would be unfair and misleading to end on any kind of negative note, given how much I like this book. It is a fine synthesis of a complicated and fractious story, with a clear and unapologetic argumentative position that gives it clarity without undercutting its complexity or sensitivity. There is not a huge amount that is surprising here, because I don't think it is supposed to be the kind of book for people already ensconced in the history of psychiatry. It has the lucidity and power to reach beyond the already interested and to provide people new to this field with an extremely good way in to some of the debates. With appropriate caveats about geographical range, it should really be required reading for all who seek to get into the history of psychiatry as an academic discipline; it should also be read by all those who want a fair-minded and analytical account of a turbulent and fractious twentieth century for all concerned with medical approaches to the mind.
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