No abstract

In the present study, Tigris River within Baghdad city was monitored for a variety of physical and chemical parameters to determine water quality during 2010. Water quality indices (WQIs) were calculated for protection of aquatic life, using the model of CCME WQI (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index). Twelve parameters were selected namely: Lead, Iron, Zinc, Manganese, Turbidity, pH value, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Temperature, Phosphate, Ammonia, Nitrate and Nitrite. The results revealed that station 3 which was located in south of Baghdad was more polluted than the other stations. The WQI ranking was between marginal in station 1, 2 to poor in station 3. The highest deviation occurred in lead, Iron and Turbidity, this parameter made a big contribution in decreasing the value of WQI.

This study was conducted to identify the viability of Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial on a biodegradation process for Kirkuk light crude oil. The viable count of Bacillus thuringiensis showed great capability on the biodegradation of crude oil. These bacteria exhibit the ability to dismantle crude oil through clear emulsion layer of crude oil. And they have a good efficiency to dismantle hydrocarbon compounds by 80%, and total biomass reaches to 5 g/l, while the amount of emulsion reaches to 2.3 g/l. For more evidences on the biodegradation action of Bacillus thuringiensis which have been supported by using the technology of gas-Chromatography which confirms the occurring of biodegradation process. The visual examination of gas-Chromatography shows the disappearance of a number of chemicals, as well as decrease in peak area for some material.

Water Quality Indices (WQIs) refers to a set of water quality parameter data that aggregate to produce a single value to the water quality, reducing the huge amount of data into a simple and easy expression. Also enabling comparisons of water quality status for different locations and at different times, which eventually will help inform of water quality status to management and the public in a simple manner. Before generating and developing an appropriate mathematical model, there should be a process of evaluating, reviewing, and considering the Challenges and limitations of the existing developed models of similar nature. Therefore, this review paper intends to summarize the scientific literature papers from different countries related to the development of the water quality indices and practical applications. In general, five common steps are used in approaches of WQI calculation: (1) selection of parameter, (2) transform the data from a parametric system to a dimensionless system, (3) creation of subindices, and (4) compute the final WQI score by using the aggregation of subindices.

This study was conducted during Dec2011-Nov2012 on three stations located in the south sector of Main Outfall Drain (MOD) River. Station 1 was near Al-Holandee Bridge which was the general carriage way in the center of Al-Nassiriya city, station 2 was 20 km far from the first station, while station 3 was in the beginning of the new branch. This study reveals the Seasonal Variation of Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) in both surface waters, sediment and it is related with trace metals nickel and vanadium in water (dissolved, particulate) and sediment (residual and exchangeable) phases. Also, the study shows the relationships between the concentration of Ni and V with Total Organic Carbon (TOC%) in the sediment.