An antenna array with 4 ports is designed and implemented. The proposed antenna consists of four ports and a four-antenna array Microstrip patch antenna with ground plane extruded on the substrate. The overall size of the proposed substrate is 220×220 mm 2. The antenna is fabricated on an inexpensive FR4 a dielectric constant of εr=4.5, loss tangent of tan δ=0.019, with thickness of substrate of 1.6-mm and the thickness of patch is 0.035 mm. The measured results represent that the proposed antenna obtained a reasonable bandwidth from 2.4 GHz that could cover point-to-point application defined by 10-dB return loss. Furthermore, The S-Parameters of antenna are simulated and measured. A four-port antenna operating in point-to-point applications is designed; the antenna shows good pattern diversity low correlation coefficient.
Peak to average power ratio minimization techniques in orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) are hot researching topics since more than two decades. In this work, a novel approach without side information has been proposed, which is based on the constellation re-mapping to randomize the order of data as much as possible, such that the correlation between data vanished. The suggested method will exchange the constellation points with other constellation points, which leads to reformatting the constellation mapping, where by which the new OFDM symbol will be created with lower power envelope variation. In contrast with other methods which addressed in the literature, there will be no restrictions on the mapping family or even the alphabet order. Furthermore, the performance of the bit error rate (BER) has not been affected. Moreover, the problem of the computational complexity has not been affected, where the number of mathematical operations has an ignorable effect.
In this paper, the computational complexity will be reduced using a revised version of the selected mapping (SLM) algorithm. Where a partial SLM is achieved to reduce the mathematical operations around 50%. Although the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction gain has been slightly degraded, the dramatic reduction in the computational complexity is an outshining achievement. Matlab simulation is used to evaluate the results, where the PAPR result shows the capability of the proposed method.
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