Background All cell types express long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have the potential to play a role in carcinogenesis by altering the levels of their expression. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) is a deadly disease with a poor prognosis and a high frequency of lymphatic metastases. Understanding the functional role and signaling pathways of two neighboring lncRNAs, CCAT1 and PVT1, in this oncogene’s pathogenesis may help us determine ESCC. Furthermore, it is still unclear whether these lncRNAs are linked to the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with ESCC. Methods For this study, we used biopsy from the Imam Khomeini Cancer Institute’s tumor bank in Tehran, Iran to obtain 40 ESCC tumor samples and their normal margin counterparts. The expression levels of the CCAT1, PVT1, and c-MYC genes were assessed using quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR. Additionally, demographic data and clinical-pathologic characteristics, such as tumor grade, tumor stage, lymph node, and metastasis, were taken into consideration. Graphpad prism version 8 was used for bioinformatics analyses. Results Comparing ESCC tissues to non-tumor tissues, we found significant upregulation of PVT1, CCAT1, and c-MYC. Patients with ESCC who had increased PVT1 expression also had higher rates of advanced stage and lymph node metastasis, whereas increased CCAT1 expression was only linked to advanced stage and wasn’t associated with lymph node metastasis. In predicting ESCC, CCAT1 (p < 0.05) was found to be an important factor. Overall survival was reduced by c-MYC and PVT1 overexpression (p < 0.001), according to Kaplan-Meier analysis. PVT1, CCAT1, and c-MYC were found to interact with 23 miRNAs with high and medium score classes, as shown in a bioinformatics study. We summarized the experimentally proven interactions between c-MYC, PVT1, and CCAT1 and other miRNAs, lncRNAs, and proteins. Conclusion This is the first report that CCAT1, PVT1 and c-MYC have been found to be up-regulated simultaneously in ESCC. It is possible that these genes may be involved in ESCC as a result of these findings. Therefore, as consequence, more research is needed to determine whether or not these lncRNAs play an oncogenic role in ESCC development and progression, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that control them.
Background and objectives: Esophageal cancer (EC) is the second most common gastrointestinal cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the dominant type of EC in Iran. One of the most important challenges in cancer management is the early diagnosis. As tumor suppressors or oncogenes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Recent studies have reported that assessing expression of lncRNAs might have prognostic or diagnostic potential for ESCC. In this study, we evaluated expression of lnc-POU3F3 in ESCC and its relationship with some clinical features of the disease. Methods: Blood samples from 32 cancer patients (18 males and 14 females) and 32 healthy individuals were collected from the Biobank of Sayyad Shirazi Hospital and the Danesh Medical Diagnostic Laboratory in Gorgan (Golestan Province, Iran), respectively. The subjects were matched in terms of age and gender. Following total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, quantitative real-time PCR was performed using RealQ Plus 2x Master Mix Green (Ampliqon, Denmark) in the ABI Applied Biosystems 7300 device. Results: The lnc-POU3F3 was significantly overexpressed in samples from ESCC patients compared to controls. The increased lnc-POU3F3 expression was significantly correlated with family history (P=0.03) and TNM stage (P=0.02). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lnc-POU3F3 may be used as a diagnostic biomarker for ESCC. However, further studies with a larger sample size are required to confirm this finding.
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