Vicilins are major seed storage proteins and show differential binding affinities toward sugar moieties of fungal cell wall and insect gut epithelium. Hence, purpose of study is the thorough in-silico characterization of interactions between vicilin and chitin oligomer followed by fungal and insecticidal bioassays. This work covers the molecular simulation studies explaining the interactions between Pisum sativum vicilin ( PsV) and chitin oligomer followed by protein bioassay against different pathogens. LC-MS/MS of purified PsV (∼50 kDa) generated residual data along high pea vicilin homology (UniProtKB ID; P13918). Predicted model ( PsV) indicated the characteristic homotrimer joined through head-to-tail association and each monomer is containing a bicupin domain. PsV site map analysis showed a new site (Site 4) into which molecular docking confirmed the strong binding of chitin oligomer (GlcNAc)4. Molecular dynamics simulation data (50 ns) indicated that chitin-binding site was comprised of 8 residues (DKEDRNEN). However, aspartate and glutamate significantly contributed in the stability of ligand binding. Computational findings were further verified via significant growth inhibition of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and Fusarium oxysporum against PsV. Additionally, the substantial adult population of Brevicoryne brassicae was reduced and different life stages of Tribolium castaneum also showed significant mortality.
This comprehensive review article discusses the potential applications of graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles (GO-Ag NPs) in various fields, including biomedical, catalytic, electrochemical detection, and wastewater treatment technologies. GO-Ag NPs have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, such as excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal conductivity, as well as their protective capabilities. The review summarizes the different starting materials and reducing agents that have been used to produce GO-Ag NPs with particle sizes ranging from 2 to 90 nm. Furthermore, the article highlights the various applications of GO-Ag NPs, such as their use in drug delivery, bioimaging, and cancer therapy. Additionally, the review discusses the potential of GO-Ag NPs in catalysis, electrochemical detection, and wastewater treatment. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the potential uses of GO-Ag NPs and emphasizes the need for further research to develop more straightforward methods for their production and application.
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