Well-defined α-Fe2O3 multi-shelled hollow spheres have been fabricated by a facile spray drying method. The resulting material exhibits high reversible capacity and good cycling performance in lithium storage.
Lithium ion batteries are widely used to meet ever‐growing energy demands. They are also considered as energy storage devices to decrease the concerns about limited energy sources and associated environmental issues by displacing a large fraction of gasoline use in HEV and PHEV. Due to these concerns, intensive research on alternative energy conversion and storage systems with high efficiency, low cost, and environmental benignity has been stimulated worldwide. Recently, nanostructured 3d‐metal oxides MOx (M = Cu, Fe, Co, etc.) have been widely studied as anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high energy capacity. Electrodes synthesized by Fe, Co, or Cu have more lithium‐ion storage capacity (over 600 mAh/g) compared to the commercial electrodes synthesized by graphite (about 372 mAh/g). The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology is utilized in order to identify environmental hotspots and aid in directing design towards regenerative and environmentally sustainable product design and process development. The main aim of this study is to investigate environmental effects of different lithium‐ion batteries with different metal oxides as anode active material. The life cycle assessment results showed that metal oxides like Iron oxide can be a promising anode material due to their much higher energy density. In the production phase, the most important stage is production of NMP (N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, an organic solvent in electrode preparation), for batteries with graphite and anode active material production for batteries with copper oxides. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1740–1747, 2015
Metal oxide based nanocomposites are applied in phosphoproteomics for enrichment through the surface hydroxyl groups of metal oxides, though the role of the metal is rarely described. Using graphene as a template after modification with nickel oxide, a nanocomposite with an increased surface area is fabricated and applied to phosphopeptides. Characterisation shows a narrow size distribution of 15-20 nm, BET surface area of 179.70 m 2 g À1 and a pore volume of 0.44 cm 3 g À1 . The graphene possesses well distributed NiO nanoparticles showing selectivity up to 1000 folds of complexity with a sensitivity as low as 1 femtomole. The G-NiO nanocomposite shows a higher selectivity towards phosphopeptides compared to TiO 2 , ZrO 2 and NiO nanoparticles. The enrichment with the G-NiO nanocomposite is tested for biological samples like egg yolk, non-fat milk and human serum. Phosphopeptides having phosphorylations of up to 6 phosphate groups, derived from phosvitin and lipovitellin, are enriched in the egg yolk digest. Phosphopeptides characteristic of casein variants are enriched in the non-fat milk digest with a recovery of aS1 21.9%, aS2 30% and b-casein 20%. Phosphorylated proteins are identified in human serum through the enrichment of phosphopeptides. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional information regarding the preparation of the HeLa cell extract. See: Fig. S1 for phosphopeptides enrichment of b-casein, Fig. S2 for comparison to metal oxide NPs, Fig. S3 for bottom-up identication of serum phosphoproteins and Table S1 for enrichment from serum. See
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