BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. MRI has an important role in early diagnosis of MS within diagnostic criteria.AimTo determine the diagnostic value of the double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence in detection of brain MS lesions.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 55 patients were admitted to the MRI department in Vali-E-Asr Hospital in Qaemshahr, Iran, from May 2016 to February 2016. Imaging was performed on a 1.5T Philips MR system using DIR, fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted turbo spin echo (T2W_TSE) sequences with the same parameters, including field of view (FOV), matrix, slice thickness, voxel size, and number of signal averaging (NSA). The DIR sequence has two different time inversions (TI1=3400, TI2=325ms): suppressing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white matter signal. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 20, and p-value was gained from the patient-wise analysis by Wilcoxon analysis and paired samples t-test for matched pairs.ResultsMore lesions in number and size were depicted on the DIR sequence compared with FLAIR (p=0.000 with a relative ratio of 6) and T2W_TSE (p=0.000 with a relative ratio of 10). DIR demonstrated significantly more intracortical lesions compared with FLAIR (p=0.000 with a relative ratio of 2.53) and T2W_TSE (p=0.000 and relative ratio of 8.87). There was significantly higher contrast ratio between the white matter lesions and the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in all anatomical regions especially in deep white matter (p=0.001).ConclusionAn increasing total number of MS lesions can be detected by DIR sequence; thus, we recommend adding DIR sequence in routine MR protocols for MS patients.

Purpose Due to the emergence of the new coronavirus 2019 and the lack of sufficient information about infected patients, this study was conducted to investigate the chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings of patients infected with the new coronavirus 2019. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for computed tomography (CT) scan. Symptomatic patients were referred to the Medical Imaging Center for diagnosis confirmation through CT scan. In addition to age and sex, HRCT findings were collected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for further evaluations. Results Out of 552 patients with mean age of 51.2 ± 14.8 years, the male/female ratio was 1.38 to 1. The most common expressive findings in patients were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (87.3%), peripheral distribution (82.4%), and posterior distribution (81.5%). The most conflicting findings in patients were pleural effusion (7.6%), peribronchovascular distribution (7.6%), and lymphadenopathy (5.1%). The peripheral distribution (p = 0.034), round opacities (p = 0.02), single lobe (p = 0.003), and pleural effusion (p = 0.037) were significant in people under and over 50 years of age. Conclusion In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: Due to the emergence of the new Coronavirus-2019 and the lack of sufficient information about infected patients, this study was conducted to investigate the Chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) findings of patients infected with the new Coronavirus 2019.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for Computed Tomography Scan (CT-Scan). Symptomatic patients were referred to the Medical Imaging Center for diagnosis confirmation through CT-scan. In addition to age and sex, HRCT findings were collected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for further evaluations.Results: Out of 552 patients with mean age of 14.8 ± 51.2 years, the male/female ratio was 1.38 to 1. The most common expressive findings in patients were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (87.3%), peripheral distribution (82.4%) and posterior distribution (81.5%). The most conflicting findings in patients were pleural effusion (7.6%), peribronchovascular distribution (7.6%), and lymphadenopathy (5.1%). The peripheral distribution (p = 0.034), round opacities (p = 0.02), single lobe (p = 0.003) and pleural effusion (p = 0.037) were significantly in people under and over 50 years of age.Conclusion: In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients.

Introduction: Despite the availability of many imaging and clinical criteria for diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), its correct diagnosis is a challenge for clinicians and radiologists. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical symptoms in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with suspected LSS in MRI. Methods: This study is a case-control study. Two groups of 100 symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (aged 20 to 84 years) with suspected lumbar spinal canal stenosis who referred to the imaging unit for lumbosacral MRI were included. The clinical symptoms and radiological parameters in MRI for all patients were recorded and relationship between them were evaluated. Results: Among the quantitative imaging findings, only the anterior-posterior diameter of the canal at the level of the intervertebral disc, the central spinal canal cross-section area and lateral recesses cross-sectional area were valuable. Coefficient of stenosis was calculated for the case and control groups which had statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The difference between qualitative findings such as disc protrusion, extrusion, sequestration and Cauda Equine serpain or redundant was significant between the two groups. Conclusion: According to the results, among the quantitative criteria of MRI imaging findings, central spinal canal cross-section (less than 77.5 mm2 for central stenosis) and lateral recesses cross-section (less than 22.5 mm2 for lateral stenosis) had the highest sensitivity and specificity for LSS diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with suspected LSS. Strongest observed correlation was between neurogenic claudication and LSS diagnostic radiological markers.

Purpose: Due to the emergence of the new Coronavirus-2019 and the lack of sufficient information about infected patients, this study was conducted to investigate the Chest High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) findings of patients infected with the new Coronavirus 2019.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients referred to Medical Imaging Centers of Sari, Mazandaran, Iran, on March 2020 for Computed Tomography Scan (CT-Scan). Symptomatic patients were referred to the Medical Imaging Center for diagnosis confirmation through CT-scan. In addition to age and sex, HRCT findings were collected from the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) for further evaluations.Results: Out of 552 patients with mean age of 14.8 ± 51.2 years, the male/female ratio was 1.38 to 1. The most common expressive findings in patients were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (87.3%), peripheral distribution (82.4%) and posterior distribution (81.5%). The most conflicting findings in patients were pleural effusion (7.6%), peribronchovascular distribution (7.6%), and lymphadenopathy (5.1%). The peripheral distribution (p = 0.034), round opacities (p = 0.02), single lobe (p = 0.003) and pleural effusion (p = 0.037) were significantly in people under and over 50 years of age.Conclusion: In summary, the present study indicated that in addition to GGO, peripheral distribution findings could be a vital diagnostic choice in COVID-19 patients.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of color Doppler imaging for decision making in the treatment of patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) compared to digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and Methods: Color Doppler scan was done on patients suspected for lower limb PAD, a day prior to the DSA which was done by a vascular surgeon. Also, for the patients who were candidates for endovascular intervention based on the color Doppler arterial mapping results, endovascular interventions were performed at the same time if the DSA findings are correlated with the color Doppler map. The grading for evaluated segments was normal, insignificant stenosis (<50%), hemodynamically significant stenosis (≥50%) and occlusion. We yielded the diagnostic efficacy indices of Doppler for detecting arterial stenosis in each 18 different arterial segments below the renal arteries including, infrarenal aorta, common and external iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral (proximal, middle and distal segments), deep femoral, popliteal artery, tibioperoneal trunk, anterior and posterior tibial arteries (proximal, middle and distal segments) and peroneal artery (proximal and distal segments). Then, we yielded the kappa agreement between Doppler and DSA findings considering the grade of stenosis in 18 arterial segments separately. Results: Totally 115 lower extremities (2045 arterial segments) were evaluated in 90 patients [mean age: 60.8 ± 8.9 (range: 47-84 years old)] of which 68 (75.6%) were men. The sensitivity of color Doppler for all arterial segments was 90% or higher except for common iliac artery, distal segment of superficial femoral artery and proximal segments of anterior and posterior tibialis and peroneal arteries. However, the specificity was 89% or higher, in all arterial segments. Kappa agreement was 0.72 or higher in all segments (All P-Values < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that considering excellent capability of color Doppler sonography in the evaluation of lower extremity arterial disease, color Doppler arterial mapping is sufficient for decision making in the treatment of these patients and can reduce the rate of diagnostic angiography.

Background and objectives: The diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) especially at the subacute stage is still a challenging issue using the conventional imaging modalities. Here we evaluated the role of double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence of MRI compared with the conventional gradient-recalled echo (GRE)-T2*-W and susceptibilityweighted imaging (SWI) sequences in the diagnosis of subacute SAH. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted on 21 patients with SAH, which were diagnosed using CT scan at the initial step. In the third week after the injury (14-20 days), all patients underwent a brain MRI exam that included T2*-W, SWI, and DIR imaging sequences. All images were independently read by two radiologists, who were blinded to the clinical history of the patients. The presence or absence of SAH was reviewed and assessed in 6 anatomical regions. Results: On the DIR images, 20 patients were found to have at least one subarachnoid signal abnormality, while the SWI and T2*-W images identified SAH areas on 17 and 15 patients, respectively. The highest rate of inter-observer consensus by the DIR sequence was found in the interhemispheric fissure and perimesencephalic area (k ¼ 1). Also, a highest rate of inter-observer consensus using SWI was found in the interhemispheric fissure and posterior fossa cistern area (k ¼ 1). A weak agreement was found in frontal-parietal convexity using SWI (k ¼ 0.447), and in posterior fossa cistern by the T2* sequence (k ¼ 0.447). Conclusion: In conclusion, the DIR sequence was more reliable at identifying signal abnormalities in subacute SAH patients than the T2*-W and SWI sequence, and is suggested as a promising imaging technique for detecting hemorrhagic areas without considering the anatomical distribution of SAH.