In this research, Brønsted-acidic ionic liquids N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene-diaminium-N,N′-disulfonic acid trifluoroacetate ([TMEDSA][TFA]2) and pyridinium-N-sulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([Py-SO3H][HSO4]) have been introduced as dual-functional catalysts for the green, simple and effective preparation of N,N′-alkylidene bisamides by the reaction of primary amides (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) under solvent-free conditions. The reaction results and conditions of the catalysts have been compared with the previously reported ones. [TMEDSA][TFA]2 and [Py-SO3H][HSO4] were superior to the previously reported catalysts in terms of two or more of these factors: reaction times (10–45 min), yields (86–98%), temperature and the reaction conditions. Additionally, a plausible and attractive mechanism based on dual functionality of the catalysts has been proposed.
In this study, graphene oxide was functionalized with 3-aminopyridine to prepare a novel nanocatalyst known as the graphene oxide functionalized pyridine-methanesulfonate (GO@PyH-CH3SO3). The GO@PyH-CH3SO3 was then employed as an effective nanocatalyst to prepare 4, 4'-(aryl methylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ols) via one-pot multicomponent condensation reaction of aldehydes with 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one. The best reaction condition involved the use of 0.02 g of the catalyst for 20 min and at 70 °C without using any solvent. Also, the reusability of catalyst and product yield in five runs was examined and no significant change was observed. The leaching test was utilized to assess the nature of the catalytic activity, and the results showed the heterogeneous condition for the catalytic activity. Efficiently and capability of the GO@PyH-CH3SO3 catalyst and other catalysts were compared and showed the superior properties of this catalyst.
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