Background: Immune cells perform unique functions against infections and imbalances in immunity associated with various diseases. Applying natural products may control immune responses. Among herbals, much attention has been paid to the immunoregulatory functions of Allium sativum. However, the effects of other Allium species on the immune system have remained undiscovered. Therefore, the current study investigated the effects of A. sativum, A. Iranicum, A. elburzense, and A. asarense bulb extracts on macrophage and lymphocyte viability. Materials and Methods: The different concentrations of aqueous extracts of the aged bulb samples were prepared and used for the incubation of examined immune cells. Macrophages and lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in the presence of different concentrations of bulb extracts of Allium species. Macrophages and lymphocytes viability was followed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: The applied Allium species had stimulatory or inhibitory effects on the examined immune cells at different concentrations. Allium sativum demonstrated the highest effects on macrophage viability indices at 1 mg/mL. The similar effects were found for A. Iranicum extract on macrophage viability indices at 0.01 mg/mL. The bulb extract of A. sativum at the most used concentrations stimulated lymphocyte viability indices. The bulb extracts of all 4 Allium species inhibited viability indices of lymphocytes at 1 mg/mL. The bulb extracts of A. elburzense, at all of the applied concentrations, slightly affected viability indices of the macrophage and lymphocyte. Conclusion: Besides A. sativum, wild growing Allium species could be introduced to study their immunomodulatory effects on various diseases.
Background: Nowadays, the impacts of medicinal plants on immune-related diseases are one of the main pharmacological approaches. Thus, here, the modulatory potential of some Allium species on T helper cell cytokines were investigated. Materials and Methods: The different concentrations of aqueous extract of the aged bulbs of five Allium species were prepared. Lymphocytes were then isolated and cultured in the presence of the bulb extracts. The amounts of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were assessed using ELISA. Results: The results demonstrated that A. sativum bulbs extract increased IFN-γ production at all concentrations, especially at 0.0001 and 0.01 mg/mL. After treatment with all doses of A. asarense bulbs extract, IFN-γ production by lymphocytes was dropped, and this effect was remarkable at the lowest concentrations (0.0001, 0.001 and 0.005 mg/mL). The bulbs extract of A. asarense enhanced IL-4 production by the treated cells, whereas the bulbs extracts of A. sativum, A. jesdianum, and A. lenkoranicum had inhibitory effects on the production of IL-4. Treatment with the bulbs extracts of A. sativum and A. asarense caused increases in the secretion of IL-17 by the lymphocytes to some extent; however, the cytokine production decreased somewhat after incubation with A. jesdianum bulbs extracts. IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio was raised after treatment of lymphocytes with A. stipitatum and A. sativum bulbs extracts, while incubation with A. asarense bulbs extracts decreased it. Conclusion: Since the bulbs extracts of the studied Allium species demonstrated immunomodulatory features, with further research, they would be considered as useful candidate for clinical purposes.
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