Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in different groups of immunocompromised patients admitted to the referral hospitals in center of Iran during 2015–2016. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 346 immunocompromised patients (HIV+/AIDS, Lymphoma, Leukemia and organ transplants) in referred hospitals from central parts of Iran including Isfahan, Markazi, Yazd and Chaharmahale Bakhtiari provinces. Stool samples were analyzed for Cryptosporidium species, modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining techniques followed by the semi-nested PCR and DNA sequencing methods. Results: The total rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 3.46% (12/346) in the patients, however, the prevalence of the parasite, was 4.6% (4/87) in HIV+/AIDS patients, 3.6% (6/168) in patients with blood malignancy and 2.1% (2/91) in organ transplant recipients. The SSU rRNA gene of Cryptosporidium spp. in all microscopic-positive samples was effectively amplified by the semi-nested PCR and DNA sequences, exposed the existence of two Cryptosporidium species, including C. hominis 91.6% (11/12) and C. parvum 8.3% (1/12). Conclusion: The predominance of C. hominis in the present study may be certifies the importance of anthroponotic transmission of cryptosporidiosis in center of Iran.
Background: Protozoa and helminthic parasites are the most common opportunistic parasites infections associated with the gastrointestinal tract in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: There have been very few studies addressing this issue in central Iran and our purpose was to determine the frequency of the intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) in different groups of immunocompromised patients admitted to the referral hospitals in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 204 immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, renal transplant and other transplants) between 2015 -2016. Stool samples were analyzed for intestinal parasites using direct-smear, formol-ether concentration method and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. Results: The total rate of any parasites was 43.1% (88/204) in the patients. The prevalence of parasites was 32.7% (17/52), 39.6% (19/48), 46.2% (18/39), 56.0% (28/50), and 40.0% (6/15) in HIV/AIDS, lymphoma, leukemia, renal transplant recipients, and the other transplant recipients, respectively. Blastocystis hominis (30.4%), Cryptosporidium spp. (3.9%), Entamoeba coli (6.3%), Giardia lamblia cyst (5.4%), Endolimax nana (2%), ova of Fasciola spp. (0.5%) and Dicrocoelium dendriticum (0.9%) were the overall parasites that were found in this study. The most common parasites which were related to diarrhea were Blastocystis hominis and Cryptosporidium spp. The parasitic infection was significantly higher in urban patients and females (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was observed between the prevalence of parasitic infections and age, occupation and level of education. Conclusions: Our findings highlighted that IPIs are a common health problem among immunocompromised patients, in central Iran. Therefore these patients should be screened routinely for intestinal parasites and treated promptly.
Background and aims: Hydatidosis is considered as one of the most important zoonotic parasitic diseases, which has a worldwide distribution with endemic regions in many countries including Iran. The disease has public health and economic importance and its effective control requires sufficient information on the patterns of disease transmission. This study aimed to assess the current role of the cattle as the intermediate host in transmission of the disease and maintain the evolution of hydatidosis. Methods: The study was conducted at Isfahan Fasaran abattoir. From among 129 cattle infected with hydatid cyst, 134 liver and lung cysts were transferred to parasitology laboratory. Data including age, sex, the infected organ, the type of cyst (e.g., fertile, sterile, and calcified), and the severity of infection were evaluated for each of the cattle. Results: Based on the data, 99 (76.7%) of the cases were females and the remaining 30 (23.3%) cases were males, who were in the age range of 5-10 and 2-5 years, respectively. In addition, 385 cysts were found out of the total 134 examined infected livers and lungs and the number of the cysts in infected organs varied between 1 and 14. A significantly higher infection was detected in older cattle (P<0.05) compared to the younger and female ones. Finally, out of the total of 385 collected cysts, 1%, 59.8%, and 39.2% were fertile, sterile, and calcified cysts, respectively. Conclusion: In general, the total rate of cyst fertility was estimated at 1% and it seems that the role of cattle led to a reduction in the transmission of the disease. However, due to the species differences in various areas and the better adaptation of the parasite to some intermediate hosts, further studies including more samples are necessary in different regions.
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