Background The efficacy of mesnchymal stem cells (MSCs) to treat the necrotic tissue of salivary glands (SGs) has yet investigated. Objective This study was conducted to investigate the potential capacity of MSCs to restore the function and regenerate the necrotic submandiular gland in the rat animal model. Methods Twenty-one Sprague–Dawley rats were provided from a breeding colony and randomly divided into three groups including the positive control or induced SG atrophy without treatment, the treatment group or induced SG atrophy with MSCs isolated transplantation and the negative control group consists of healthy rats. The atrophic and necrotic submandiular gland was induced using intraoral duct ligation of the main duct of submandiular gland for one month. The isolated stem cells were confirmed using flow cytometry for CD90 and CD 105. The isolated MSCs were cultured and injected to submandiular gland and the potential efficacy of MSCs to treat the atrophic submandibular glands was evaluated using histopathology on two weeks post-transplantation. To detect the acinar cell protein secretory granules, Alcian Blue and periodic acid shift (PAS) staining were done. For the demonstration of mitotic index or proliferation rate of the SG epithelia tissue, Ki-67 and Smbg proteins expression were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results The locally injected MSCs could regenerate the overall histological structure of the necrotic submandibular gland tissue within 2 weeks of post-transplantation. Alcian Blue and PAS staining indicated that the mean amount of serous and mucin secretions in the treatment group was significantly increased compared to the positive control groups. We have also found that the treatment group significantly express higher Ki-67 protein, as a diagnostic marker for cell mitosis and proliferation rate, and lower Smbg protein, as a diagnostic marker, for damage to the submandibular gland than that of control group. Conclusion This study demonstrates the therapeutic benefits of MSCs isolated from the SG in treating atrophic and necrotic SGs in a rat model. MSCs may be potential candidates for cell-based therapies targeting hypofunction of SG induced by a range of diseases or because of surgery and radiotherapy of head and neck cancers.
Background: Bruxism is a parafunctional disorder. The prevalence of this rhythmic activity of rodent muscles is reported to be about %8. This disease can compromise the life quality of a person’s general performance. The aim of this study is to gather information upon genetic factors, which contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Method: All related articles published in 1966 onward from google scholar such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus and Ovid within the databases were searched using English keywords ‘Bruxism and Genetics’. 300 articles were found. 252 articles were removed due to content duplication and irrelevance. Findings: The review of selected articles finally showed that in addition to other factors such as psychological factors, local factors, systemic factors, etc., the genetic factors also play a significant role in pathogenesis of bruxism. Among the influential genes are rs6313 polymorphism from the 5HT2A gene and rs6313 polymorphism from the HTR2A gene. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that genetic factors play an important role in the pathology and development of bruxism, however the main causing mechanism still largely remains unknown.
Introduction: The etiology of TMD is complex and multifactorial, but it is thought that psychological factors contribute to the etiology and persistence of TMD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety and depression in the development of temporomandibular joint disorders in patients referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Campus. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients referred to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, International Campus who had temporomandibular joint disorder. Hence the number of 224 people easily selected at random. They were given 3 questionnaires to assess their anxiety and depression (9-PHQ, 4-PHQ7 and-GAD-7). After collecting data using SPSS software version 22 and considering the error level at 0.50% probability and one-way analysis of variance and frequency analysis were performed. Results: The rate of depression in patients with TMD was 8.83 according to the 9-PHQ questionnaire and 4.72 according to the 4-PHQ questionnaire, and the level of anxiety in patients with TMD according to the 7-GAD questionnaire was equal to 8.95 There was no significant relationship between patients’ gender and their level of anxiety (p<0.50), but there was a significant relationship between patients’ age and their level of anxiety (p>0.50). Conclusion: Age and gender are not significantly associated with temporomandibular joint disorders. Also, anxiety and depression are positively related and there is a significant value achieved with the incidence of TMD in the participants. A reduction in the level of anxiety and depression within people, can have a great impact on the treatment of TMDs in individuals.
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