: Nearly 15% of couples involve in infertility as a universal health issue. About 50% of infertility cases have been known to be associated with the male parameters. Oxidative stress (OS) represents an imbalance in the level of reactive ox-ygen species (ROS) and anti-oxidant. In fact, OS has been considered as one of the popular pathologies reported in about 50% of all infertile male. Therefore, the increased level of ROS may result in infertility via DNA damages or lipid peroxida-tion (LPO) as well as the enzymes inactivation and proteins oxidation in spermatozoa. Basically, OS results from the life-style variables. As the absence of antioxidant and the respective deficiencies in the semen cause OS, variations in the life-style and anti-oxidant regimes may be advantageous to treatment strategies for resolving such an issue. Actually, anti-oxidants like vitamins E and C, glutathione, coenzyme-Q10, carnitines, selenium, N-acetylcysteine, carotenoids, zinc, and pentoxifylline decline the OS-induced sperm damages.Therefore, the present review overviews the oxidative bio-chemistry associated with the sperm health and identifies which men would be most at risk of the oxidative infertility. Hence, the re-view would show the techniques provided to diagnose OS and diverse therapeutic options.
Background: Proper sexual function is an important factor that affects family strength. Recently, the issue of obesity and the influence of body mass index (BMI) on sexual function have received increasing research attention. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sexual function and its domains with obesity and central obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 514 women aged 15 -45 years who presented at Shiraz healthcare centers in 2014 -2015. Simple random sampling was performed. Data were collected by applying the female sexual function index (FSFI), weight, and meter. The questionnaire consisted of 19 questions that evaluated six domains, as follows: sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, and pain. Scores < 28 on the questionnaire were considered to represent sexual dysfunction. The results were analyzed using the t-test, Fisher test, Chi-square test, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
Breast cancer (BC) has been recognized as the most common type of cancer in females across the world, accounting for 12% of each cancer case. In this sense, better diagnosis and screening have been thus far proven to contribute to higher survival rates. Moreover, traditional (or standard) chemotherapy is still known as one of the several prominent therapeutic options available, though it suffers from unsuitable cell selectivity, severe consequences, as well as resistance. In this regard, nanobased drug delivery systems (DDSs) are likely to provide promising grounds for BC treatment. Liposomes are accordingly effective nanosystems, having the benefits of multiple formulations verified to treat different diseases. Such systems possess specific features, including smaller size, biodegradability, hydrophobic/hydrophilic characteristics, biocompatibility, lower toxicity, as well as immunogenicity, which can all lead to considerable efficacy in treating various types of cancer. As chemotherapy uses drugs to target tumors, generates higher drug concentrations in tumors, which can provide for their slow release, and enhances drug stability, it can be improved via liposomes in DDSs for BC treatment. Therefore, the present study aims to review the existing issues regarding BC treatment and discuss liposome‐based targeting in order to overcome barriers to conventional drug therapy.
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