Mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis. Recently, the application of nanocarriers was considered as a promising method in drug and vaccine delivery. The aim of this study was to develop an immunogenic nanovaccine against P. aeruginosa based on PLGA nanoparticles as a carrier and alginate (ALG) extracted from PAO1 strain of P. aeruginosa as an immunogen. The conjugation of alginate with PLGA nanoparticles was performed to develop the new nanovaccine and physiochemical analyses including FTIR spectroscopy, AFM, Zeta sizer, elemental and HNMR were performed to characterize the ALG-PLGA conjugate. The antigenicity evaluation was conducted in four groups of 5 BALB/c mice including: ALG-PLGA conjugate, alginate alone, PLGA alone and normal saline (as a control group). The mice were vaccinated intra-peritoneal three times with two-week intervals and the blood samples were collected via the mice hearts two weeks after the last administration. To determine the immune response total IgG, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA, IgG1 and IgM titers were determined in the serum samples using indirect ELISA method. A significant increase in total IgG and IgM antibodies was observed in mice vaccinated with ALG-PLGA conjugate in comparison with other groups. The histopathological study of mice treated with the new nanovaccine showed no toxicity in lung, kidney and liver. The findings showed the potential of ALG-PLGA conjugate as a reliable vaccine against the infections caused by P. aeruginosa. Abbreviations PLGA poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) ALG alginate antigen FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy AFM Atomic force microscopy RECEIVED
Even today, technetium-99m is a radionuclide choice for diagnostic in nuclear medicine. The unique chemical and physical properties of technetium-99m make it suitable as an available radionuclide in many centers. In this study, we examined the potential of CQD as a reducing agent in the MDP kit. Citric acid-derived CQD was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR, TEM, UV-Vis, XPS, and surface analysis. No cytotoxicity was observed by the MTT assay. They were reducing properties of the CQD confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. The MDP kit is prepared by evaluating different parameters that affect the radiolabeling yield, including ligand, time, and CQD. The optimum amount of each parameter is obtained by Box–Behnken software. Finally, fluorescent spectroscopy, SPECT imaging, and biodistribution study showed that CQD reduces technetium-99m. Accumulation of radiotracer in the femur showed that CQD could be used in a radiopharmaceutical kit.
Background: Lately, the employment of nano-carriers has been known as an optimistic means of drug and vaccine delivery. Objective: Nano vaccines are a novel tier of vaccines that can develop humoral and cellular immune responses and can be introduced as a practical and secure nano vaccine candidate the prevention of diseases. The purpose of this study was to accomplish and use biodegradable nano-carriers for the synthesis of pentavalent vaccine and immunogenicity evaluation in the animal models. The PLGA nanoparticle was prepared and modified with chitosan nanoparticle. Nano-carrier PLGA-chitosan was loaded by the DTP-HepB-Hib antigens and confirmed by DLS, SEM, TEM and FT-IR then the in vitro loading and release were evaluated. The toxicity was assessed by the MTT method in the Hec293 cells. The antigenicity evaluation and histopathological study were conducted by injection of new nano pentavalent vaccines in the BALB/c mice and the immune response was measured in the serum samples through an indirect ELISA method. Results: Conclusions drawn from the current study exhibited the plausible ability of nano-carrier to deliver vaccine. A notable increase was shown in total IgG and IgM antibodies examined on mice vaccinated with new nano vaccines. The histopathological study in the treated mice showed no toxicity in vital organs of mice. Conclusion: The engineered vaccine delivery system showed the ability to induce robust immune responses and also the suitability features of the PLGA-chitosan as a promising carrier to improve vaccine delivery.
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