Purpose The purpose of this study is simultaneous dyeing and mordanting of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate to the reduction of consuming energy, water and time. Design/methodology/approach The dyeing process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. pH, dyeing duration and the presence of additives were chosen as variables and the color strength of samples as a response. The color characteristics and fastness attributes of samples dyed in the best condition were evaluated and compared to pre-mordant dyeing outcomes on wool yarns. Findings The best conditions for deep dyeing wool with cochineal dye were as follows: pH 2.5, time 110 min and the ratio of aluminum: additives 1:0 at 100 °C. Color strength of dyed wool yarns by one-bath and pre-mordant dyeing methods were approximately the same. Wool yarns can dye to the on-bath dyeing method such that the dyed samples have similar color strength and fastness properties to pre-mordant dyeing. Social implications Wool dyeing processes that use one-bath dyeing consume less water and produce fewer effluents. As a result, this strategy conserves water and energy for a higher quality of life. The findings of this study, in general, aid environmental protection. Originality/value A novel one-bath process for dyeing wool with cochineal dye at heavy depths is introduced. RSM was used to optimize the procedure and determine effective parameters on the color strength of dyed wools. Using extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate in a simultaneous dyeing technique, good color fastness qualities on wool fibers were achieved.
Nowadays according to more attention to natural products, the development of research on this issue seems necessary. Many plants are known around the world to have antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. By using those plant compounds, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and fungal properties can be created in textiles. Textiles are one of the unavoidable requirements that all human beings use abundantly in their lives. In the natural dyeing process, the use of some medicinal plant compounds resulted in antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties. In this study, medicinal plants such as thyme, clove, marjoram, lavender, wormwood, and espand were studied for antibacterial and antimicrobial properties on textiles. The antibacterial property of mordanted and dyed wool & cotton yarns were tested against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and Candida albicans microbe for cotton. The range of colour developed on dyed materials was evaluated in terms of (L*, a*, b*) CIE LAB coordinates and the dye absorption concentration on the yarns was studied by using K/S values. Also, fastness tests on dyed samples for light and washing fastness were carried out. The experimental results showed that the examined plants, in addition to creating antimicrobial and antibacterial properties on wool and cotton yarns, can be used as a dye to produce a durable yellow shade. The dyeing fastness of applied dyes was acceptable. Aloe vera, which has a polyphenolic structure, was used to increase dyeing fastness and durability of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The property was created to maintain its durability for several washed cycles.
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