Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), named Ziabites in Persian medicine (PM), was categorized as hot or cold Ziabites according to the Mizaj of patients. This study aimed to compare the Mizaj of patients with newly diagnosed type 1 DM (T1DM) with chronic cases and healthy children. Materials and Methods: In a case–control study, three groups including chronic T1DM patients ( n = 31), newly diagnosed T1DM patients ( n = 37), and healthy children as the control group ( n = 80) were recruited. Mojahedi Mizaj Questionnaire was used to measure two subscales, hot/cold and wet/dry, of Mizaj for participants. The mean scores of the Mizaj subscales were compared between the groups. Cutoff values were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis, and the corresponding odds ratio (OR) for each subscale was identified. Results: Overall 148 participants, with a mean age of 10.0 ± 6.2 years, were enrolled in the study. Analysis showed that the mean total heat and total dryness scores were significantly higher in new T1DM than that of chronic patients and healthy children (19.59 ± 1.7 vs. 16.6 ± 2.1 and 18.17 ± 1.9, P < 0.001 for hot/cold and 4.70 ± 1.0 vs. 4.09 ± 0.9 and 4.31±0.8, P = 0.02 for wet/dry). “Extra heat” based on the cutoff value of >18.5 was found to be a risk factor for T1DM (OR = 3.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–8.63). Conclusion: New T1DM patients have higher frequency of hot and dry Mizaj, which is consistent with the concept of hot Ziabites in PM. Most importantly, we found that “extra heat” in children can be considered as a risk factor for T1DM.

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Considering the high prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Isfahan, the possible involvement of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CH and the lack of studies in this field, the aim of this study was to determine the endothelial function in CH patients. Methods: During this case-control study, the endothelial function in CH neonates and in those with normal screening results was evaluated during a CH screening program in Isfahan. Peripheral blood samples were obtained for measurement of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), and intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM and VCAM). In CH patients these biomarkers were measured twice: before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results: In this study, 56 neonates were evaluated: 30 of them were neonates with normal screening results and 26 were diagnosed with CH and classified into two groups according to their TSH levels. The mean ICAM and VCAM were higher in CH patients than in the control group (p < 0.05). The mean ICAM and VCAM decreased significantly after treatment in CH patients (p < 0.05). There is no significant relationship between TSH, ICAM, VCAM and vWf (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the possible involvement of the endothelial system in the pathogenesis of CH and its cardiovascular complications. Further studies with a larger sample size and with the measurement of other endothelial function markers are needed.

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