The voters' choices about political parties have many similarities in how they make their choices about commercial brands. Therefore, political parties are now constantly applying the concept and strategies of brand management to make the political product attractive, appealable, trustable, differentiable, source of long-term relationship and decision-making driver. Furthermore, the political parties have to play an active role in the community's political socialization processes which are relying heavily on the branding strategies. Because, the community's social gregariousness have profound effect on the electorates' propensity to participate in the politics that constitutes the party equity. This study has deeply explored and broadened the concept of party equity analogous to commercial brand equity typology by developing a politics specific brand equity model. This model demonstrates the integration of political brands in voter choice. Empirically, this model has been validated by collecting 550 valid-responses from the constituency of District Gujrat, Pakistan. A careful analysis of these responses through SEM methodology has revealed that political parties vary according to the outcomes of their role in the political socialization process of the communities, loyalty and voters Downloaded by [New York University] at 22:46 29 May 2015 2 attitude. Those parties, that have favorable role in socialization process, have strong party knowledge and thus have high party equity as compare to competing political parties, which have weak position of party knowledge. Similarly, this study provides the roadmap and guidelines for the political parties to manage their party equity. Similarly, the model would be able to facilitate political parties in comparing different constituencies on the basis of their diversified social dynamics and political knowledge and in the development of constituency based manifesto, may also be termed as "Localized Manifesto" to further enhance their vote bank.
The present work deals with the assessment of bacteriological contamination along with some physico-chemical parameters of water samples from Lahore canal. ANOVA showed that the observed p values of log-transformed viable plate counts, total suspended solids, turbidity, and biological oxygen demand are 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively, which are < 0.05, while the p value of total coliforms, total fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli are 0.728, 0.827, and 0.081, respectively which are > 0.05. Significant correlation was observed between log-transformed viable plate counts (CFU), biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity. Further regression analysis revealed that simple line regression model is fit for log-transformed viable plate counts and total suspended solids, log-transformed viable plate counts and turbidity, turbidity and total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand and total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand and log-transformed viable plate counts, and biological oxygen demand and turbidity.
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