The present study demonstrated a slight evolution in self-reported provision of pharmaceutical care by community pharmacists across Europe, as measured by the BPCS. The slow progress suggests a range of barriers, which are preventing pharmacists moving beyond traditional roles. Support from professional bodies and more patient-centred community pharmacy contracts, including remuneration for pharmaceutical care services, are likely to be required if quicker progress is to be made in the future.

Introduction:Tonsillopharyngitis (sore throat) is a common disease mainly related to the seasonal common cold. To relieve unpleasant symptoms and discomfort of acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with common cold, patients usually take some non-prescription drugs.The aim:The primary aim of this study was to assess subjective determinations of the efficacy and the safety/tolerability of an oral spray comprising a combination of lysozyme chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride in those patients.Material and methods:The study involved 1727 patients with tonsillopharyngitis associated with common cold and treated with the studied drug, in the period from December 2014 through March 2015.Results:In total, 95% of patients rated the studied drug to be well, very well and excellently effective. In 32% of patients, the symptoms were relieved 10 minutes after the application of the spray. Significant correlations were found between the two subjective assessments of the drug efficiency with the total of 74.11% (95% CI: 73.41, 77.47%) of patients who said that the feeling of pain in the throat completely disappeared after the drug administration, evaluated the impact/effect of the drug was very good or good (Pearson Chi Square=391.401, p<0.001). The effectiveness was significantly better in patients with up to two episodes of common cold a year (Pearson Chi Square=6.101; p=0.014). The studied drug was rated to be well, very well and excellently tolerated by 97% of patients.Conclusion:According to patients’ subjective assessment, the combination of lysozyme chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride in a formulation of spray can quickly, efficiently and safely resolve the symptoms of acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with common cold.

Tokom poslednjih decenija farmakoterapi promene. Nasuprot nekadašnjem, srazmerno malom broju dostupnih preparata, danas kliničarima praktično stoji na raspolaganju čitava paleta antidepresiva. Mnogi od njih su lansirani tek posljednjih godina, pri čemu potreba na tržištu za ovim preparatima konstantno raste, što dodatno inicira istraživanja u ovoj oblasti. U predvečerje epidemije depresije, pitanja nozologije, etiologije, prevencije i terapije ovog poremećaja postaju prioritet svakog ko pokuša da pomogne bližnj terapija depresije zahteva od lekara pravilan odabir prema svetskim vodičima, usko praćenje pacijenta kao i kontrolu nuspojava i interakcija. Zbog preopterećenosti lekara psihijatara i visokom prevalencom depresije, pacijent koji boluje zbrinut. S toga magistar farmacije kroz interdisciplinarni pristup i upražnjavanje farmaceutske nege može pridoneti racionalnom pristupu tretmanu pacijenta putem: praćenja komplijanse pacije savetovanja o nuspojavama i interakcijama lekova i konačno podrškom pacijent pomoći da popravi kvalitet života. Ključne reči: depresija, farmakološka terapija, podrška pacijentu, komplijansa Summary: In recent decades, pharmacotherapy for depression has undergone dramatic changes. In contrast to the formerly relatively small number of available preparations, the entire range of antidepressants is now practically available to clinicians. Many of them hav recent years, with the market demand for these preparations constantly increasing, further initiating research in this area. On the eve of the epidemic of depression, the issues of nosology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of th ones. Pharmacological therapy of depression requires physicians to make the right choice according to world guidelines, close monitoring of the patient the overload of psychiatrists and the high prevalence of depression, patients suffering from depression are often marginalized, stigmatized and inadequately cared for. Therefore, a Master of Pharmacy, through an interdisciplinary appr approach to patient treatment through: monitoring patient compliance, counseling on side effects and drug interactions, and finally supporting a patient with depression to help improve

Th e main objective of this investigation was to determine and summarize the economic burden of severe COPD exacerbations that required hospitalization and the diff erence in the costs of treatment between patients with frequent (at least two exacerbations in one year) and infrequent exacerbation. Our results suggested that signifi cantly more resources had to be spent to treat patients with at least two hospitalizations during the study related to the use of medications primarily aff ecting the respiratory system (corticosteroids, p = 0.013, theophylline, p = 0.007) and total hospital stay (31336.68 ± 19140 RSD/517.53 ± 316.1 EUR versus 23650.15 ± 14956.0 RSD/390.59 ± 247 EUR, p=0.002) compared to patients who stayed in a semi-intensive care unit (12875.35 ± 20742.54 RSD versus 4310.62 ± 9779.78 RSD/ 212.64 ± 342.57 EUR versus 71.19 ± 161.51 EUR, p=0.006). Based on the total number of days in the hospital, the costs of the drugs, the materials used and services provided, patients from the frequent exacerbation group had signifi cantly higher costs (80034.1 ± 36823.7 RSD/1321.78 ± 608.15 EUR versus 69425.5 ± 34083.1 RSD/1146.58 ± 562.89 EUR) comparedthan patients in the infrequent exacerbation group (p=0.039). Our results indicate that signifi cantly more funds will be spent treating the deterioration of patients who stay longer in the hospital or in the semi-intensive care unit. Th eir condition will require a signifi cantly greater use of drugs that are primarily used to treat the respiratory system and, therefore, will utiliseutilize signifi cantly more resources.

According to a survey, pharmacists in Bosnia and Herzegovina mainly focus on traditional pharmacy practices and drug-related counselling. Although most respondents showed a high willingness to implement pharmaceutical care in their practice, changes to practice and legislation are challenging because of an established mindset and a complex political and economic situation.

Abstract:One of the most significant health issues is the disorders of mood according to the fact that they have a significant effect on the quality of life of the patients, their families, their working and wider social surroundings. According to the World Health Organization, mood disorders are the fourth cause of morbidity and mortality with a tendency to move to the second place by the 2020. The prediction of higher number of patients diagnosed with depression in the future comes from the facts that the main factor of risk, like stress, is in constant rise. Furthermore, the demographic image (ageing of the population) is changing, associated with the effect of comorbidity of depression, also attributed with increase of the number of genetically predisposed patients with this mood disorder. The aim of this study is to define, describe and question the role of pharmacists in the treatment of patients suffering from depression. Therefore, we measured the impact of pharmaceutical care on significant parameters in treatment of depression due to the selection of appropriate therapy according to the guidelines, adherence of the patient, quality of life, work capability, anxiety, side effects and interactions with other medicines.

Depression is the most present mental disorders with a very expensive treatment costs. Due to the high prevalence of depression in Bosnia and Herzegovina and high work load of psychiatrists, patients that suffer from depression are often marginalised, stigmatised and inadequately treated. Therefore, a pharmacist can influence an adequate selection of a therapy through an interdisciplinary approach and pharmaceutical care and alos provide patient monitoring, counselling about side effects and interactions of the prescribed drugs, which will in the end improve the quality of life for patients that suffer from depression. The aim of this work was to establish the influence of pharmaceutical care on the outcome of the quality of life and the pharmacological treatment of patients suffering from depression. Results showed that the involvement of pharmacist in a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of depression lead to improvement of the effect of therapy and increased quality of life.