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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction in petroleum sector with a focus on the National Oil Corporation of Libya (NOC). This research was carried out by measuring the data gathered from the five point Likert scale. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) and Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) were used. Quantitative survey method was applied and a sample of 50 employees from the National Oil Corporation of Libya was selected as a sample random sampling to answer the instrument of the study. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected based on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, T-test, and Pearson Correlation Coeffiecient). The findings indicate that the leaders of National Oil Corporation of Libya follow transformational leadership style to manage their organization and the dominant culture in NOC of Libya is Hierarchy culture while the relationship between transformational leadership style, job satisfaction and organizational culture is positive significant relationship

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational culture in National Oil Corporation of Libya. This research was carried out by measuring the data gathered from the five point likert scale. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to measure transformational leadership, while the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) was used to measure organizational culture. Quantitative survey method was applied and a sample of 227 employees of National Oil Corporation of Libya was selected to answer the instrument. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected based on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, percentage, Correlation and Regression). The empirical results indicate that the leaders of National Oil Corporation of Libya follow transformational leadership style to manage their organization, while the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational culture was positive significant relationship and Hierarchy culture was a dominant culture in NOC of Libya

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of organizational commitment as a mediating variable on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture to answer the following questions: Is there any relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture in oil and gas industry in Libya? Is there any relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment in oil and gas industry in Libya? Is there any relationship between organizational culture and organizational commitment in oil and gas industry in Libya? Dose organizational commitment as a mediator variable have any effect on the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture in oil and gas industry in Libya? Therefore, a questionnaire was used to collect the data from a sample of 280 employees from oil and gas industry in Libya based on stratified sample sampling. SPSS program was used to reach findings of the study. The empirical results of the current study indicated that the relationship between three variables of the study such as job satisfaction, organizational culture and organizational commitment was positive significant relationship while organizational commitment as a mediating variable effects the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational culture in oil and gas industry in Libya.

The conversion of forests to agricultural farmland modifies lands into small patches, making amphibians more susceptible to external environmental changes. It is important to restore the forest ecosystem so that fauna species, especially anurans, could gradually recover and help create a balanced ecosystem in the restoration process. The aims of this study are to determine diversity, richness, and evenness of the anuran species, and to investigate the relationship of the anuran species with environmental variables of restoration areas and adjacent forests of Terla Forest Reserve (FR), Cameron Highlands, Pahang. The study recorded 14 species belonging to six families with higher species diversity, whereby the Shannon Wiener (H’) value in the adjacent forest (H’ = 1.71) was higher as compared to the restoration area (H’ = 0.77). The anuran species in the restoration area showed an adaptation to bare soil, herbs, and shrubs. Meanwhile, in the forest, forest litter was favoured by the anuran species. Species abundance demonstrated correlation towards microclimate. The adaption of two species to the restoration area showed that temperature had a significant and negative correlation with Duttaphrynus melanostictus; relative humidity was significant and positively correlated with Polypedates leucomystax; while relative humidity had a significant and negative correlation with Microhyla annectens, a forest specialist. A deeper understanding of environmental factors that affect the presence of anurans, especially in restoration areas, can facilitate forest management in evaluating the effectiveness of forest restoration in this region.