While Internet video control and data planes have received much research attention, little is known about the video management plane. In this paper, using data from more than a hundred video publishers spanning two years, we characterize the video management plane and its evolution. The management plane shows significant diversity with respect to video packaging, playback device support, and CDN use, and current trends suggest increasing diversity in some of these dimensions. This diversity adds complexity to management, and we show that the complexity of many management tasks is sub-linearly correlated with the number of hours a publisher's content is viewed. Moreover, today each publisher runs an independent management plane, and this practice can lead to sub-optimal outcomes for syndicated content, such as redundancies in CDN storage and loss of control for content owners over delivery quality.
A fundamental problem in 802.11 wireless networks is to accurately determine the cause of packet losses. This becomes increasingly important as wireless data rates scale to Gbps, where lack of loss differentiation leads to higher loss in throughput. Recent and upcoming high-speed WLAN standards, such as 802.11n and 802.11ac, use frame aggregation and block acknowledgements for achieving efficient communication. This paper presents BLMon, a framework for loss differentiation, that uses loss patterns within aggregate frames and aggregate frame retries to achieve accurate and low overhead loss differentiation. Towards this end, we carry out a detailed measurement study on a real testbed to ascertain the differences in loss patterns due to noise, collisions, and hidden nodes. We then devise metrics to quantitatively capture these differences. Finally, we design BLMon, which collectively uses these metrics to infer the cause of loss without requiring any out-of-band communication, protocol changes, or customized hardware support. BLMon can be readily deployed on commodity devices using only driver-level changes at the sender-side. We implement BLMon in the ath9k driver and using real testbed experiments, show that it can provide up to 5× improvement in throughput.
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