In the current study it was aimed to investigate the toxicity of low doses of imidacloprid (IMI) on the reproductive organ systems of adult male rats. The treatment groups received 0.5 (IMI-0.5), 2 (IMI-2) or 8 mg IMI/kg body weight by oral gavage (IMI-8) for three months. The deterioration in sperm motility in IMI-8 group and epidydimal sperm concentration in IMI-2 and IMI-8 groups and abnormality in sperm morphology in IMI-8 were significant. The levels of testosterone (T) and GSH decreased significantly in group IMI-8 compared to the control group. Upon treatment with IMI, apoptotic index increased significantly only in germ cells of the seminiferous tubules of IMI-8 group when compared to control. Fragmentation was striking in the seminal DNA from the IMI-8 group, but it was much less obvious in the IMI-2 one. IMI exposure resulted in elevation of all fatty acids analyzed, but the increases were significant only in stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidonic acids. The ratios of 20:4/20:3 and 20:4/18:2 were decreased and 16:1n-9/16:0 ratio was increased. In conclusion, the present animal experiments revealed that the treatment with IMI at NOAEL dose-levels caused deterioration in sperm parameters, decreased T level, increased apoptosis of germ cells, seminal DNA fragmentation, the depletion of antioxidants and change in disturbance of fatty acid composition. All these changes indicate the suppression of testicular function.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the semen freeze–thawing process on the functionality and molecular structure of ram spermatozoa. The temperature of pooled and diluted semen at 38°C (group 1, control) was lowered to 5°C (group 2), and it was subjected to glycerolisation–equilibration (group 3), frozen and thawed (group 4). Compared to the control, deterioration in spermatological parameters and significant increases in lipid peroxidation and global DNA methylation levels were observed in groups 3 and 4. When compared with the control, significant downregulation in the levels of miR-485 of group 2, miR-29a of group 3 and let-7a, miR-485 and miR-29a of group 4, and significant upregulation in the levels of miR-107 of group 3 and miR-127 of groups 3 and 4 were detected. In comparison to the control, significant upregulation in the levels of CatSper1, CatSper2, CatSper3, CatSper4, ANO1 and TRPM3 of group 2, CatSper4, ANO1 and TRPM3 of group 3 and KCNJ11 of group 4, and significant downregulation in the CatSper 3 level of group 4 were determined. As a result, the semen freeze–thawing process causes motility and morphological disorders in rams. This may be due to molecular changes associated with lipid peroxidation in spermatozoa.

Oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus leads to damages in the brain, as a consequence of which cognitive functions is impaired. Therefore, for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, in addition to antidiabetics, antioxidants are used to cope with oxidative stress. The antioxidant ability of pomegranate flowers (PGF) to cope with the oxidative stress was investigated. Rats were divided into five groups with 12 animals in each group as given below: control, diabetes (STZ), STZ + the PGF I (300 mg/kg/day), STZ + PGF II (400 mg/kg/day) and STZ + PGF III (500 mg/kg/day).The findings from Morris water maze and probe tests showed that the animals in STZ group had impairments in learning and memory performances compared to the control group. Supplementation of PGF led to improvements in learning and memory performances of diabetic rats.While lipid peroxidation (LPO) was increased (P<0.001), glutathione (GSH) content was decreased (P<0.001) in hippocampal tissue of STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared with control values. Supplementation of PGF restored the levels of LPO and GSH towards their control values. Daily PGF supplementation to diabetic rats reduced the increase in glial-fibrilar acidic protein (GFAP) contents induced by diabetes in the hippocampus, which was significant in STZ + PGF III in comparison to STZ group (p<0.05).In conclusion, these observations suggest that PGF supplementation decreases oxidative stress and ameliorates impairment in learning and memory performances in diabetic rats. Therefore, we suggest that PGF supplementation may be clinically useful in treating neuronal deficit in diabetic patients.

Antioxidant effect of dietary soapwort extract supplementation was studied in growing Japanese quails suffering from chronic intermittent cold stress. For this purpose, a total of ninety 15-d-old quails were divided into three groups with three replicates. Chronic intermittent cold stress was applied every night between 22.00 to 06.00 h; starting at 14 °C for the first week, and gradually weekly lowered to 8 °C. Three groups were fed with corn-soy based standard diets supplemented with 0, 50, and 100 ppm soapwort extract for four weeks. At the end of the study, three males and three females were slaughtered to determine total antioxidant and oxidant status of serum, malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, superoxide dismutase of liver and heart tissues. Although the dietary soapwort extract had no effect on serum total antioxidant capacity, it significantly lowered the total oxidant status of serum in cold stressed quails. Glutathione and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity of liver and heart tissues were similar among groups. While the dietary soapwort extract had no effect on glutathione peroxidase activity of the heart tissue, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver tissue. In relation to the control group, malondialdehyde concentrations in the liver and heart tissues were significantly lower in soapwort extract groups. These data suggest that dietary soapwort extract could alleviate the detrimental effects of oxidative stress in growing Japanese quails exposed to cold stress. Malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, saponin, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status

No abstract

ÖzetEkonomik ve tarımsal üretim yapmak ve sürekli bu artan nüfusu beslemek için birim alanda daha kaliteli ve daha fazla miktarda ürün alınması gerekmektedir. Bunun için üretimde genel olarak pestisidlerin bir grubu olan insektisidlerin kullanılması zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Çalışma böcek öldürücü olarak bilinen lebaycide, gusathion insektisidlerinin değişik konsantrasyonları kültür ortamındaki elma (Malus sylvestris Miller ev, Golden) polenlerine uygulandı. Böylece elma polenlerinin çimlenmesi ve polen tüpü uzaması üzerindeki etkileri araştırıldı. Çalışma sonucunda her iki insektisidin de yüksek konsantrasyonlarda polen tüpünün uzamasını ve polen çimlenmesini olumsuz yönde etkilediği görüldü. Konsantrasyonların seyreltilerek yapılan uygulamada olumsuz etkinin azaldığı ve polen tüpünün uzaması ve çimlenme %'sinde artış olduğu saptandı. %3.125 Lebaycide ve gusathion konsantrasyonunda elma polenleri üzerinde etki etmediği saptandı. Böylece bu değerler ve sonuçların bu konuyla ilgili bilimsel çalışma yapanlara yol gösterici olması ve kaliteli ürün almak isteyen ziraat mühendislerine, tarımla uğraşanlar kişilere bir kaynak niteliğindedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Polen, İnsektisid, Lebaycide, Gusathion, Elma Some Insecticides Apple (Malus sylvestris Miller ev, Golden) InvestigationOf The Effect Of Pollen Abstract Make economic and agricultural production to feed a growing population and consistently higher quality and more quantity per unit of the product must be taken. For this production, which is generally a group of pesticides has become necessary to use insecticides. In studies lebaycide known as insecticides, in culture media with different concentrations of insecticidal gusathion apple (Malus sylvestris house Miller, Golden) were applied to pollen. So apple pollen germination and pollen tube elongation were investigated on. As a result at both high concentrations of the insecticide pollen germination and pollen tube elongation were found to have negative effects. Applying the negative effect of diluting the concentration of reduced germination and pollen tube elongation in% was found to be increased. Lebaycid % in 3.125 and to gusathion effect on the concentration of pollen was found in the apple. Thus, these values and the results of scientific studies on this issue and to provide guidance to those who want to get quality products to the agricultural engineer, is a source to a person engaged in agriculture.

Öz Bu araştırmada, karbon tetraklorür ile deneysel olarak oluşturulan hepatotoksisite ile ratların kan lipid parametrelerine karşı güçlü antioksidan etkisine sahip olan Tribulus terrestris'in koruyucu etkinliğinin ve antihiperlipidemik rolünün araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 35 adet 8-12 haftalık Wistar-Albino erkek rat kullanılmıştır. Çalışma beş grupa ayrılıp her grupta 7 adet ratla başlanmıştır. Kontrol grubundaki ratlar 14 gün standart yemle beslenmiştir. Diğer gruplardaki ratlara standart yem ve 14 gün boyunca 0,8 ml/kg CCI4 intraperitoneal olarak uygulanmıştır. 3, 4 ve 5 gruplarda ki ratlara ise intraperitoneal olarak uygulanan 0,8 ml/kg CCI4'e sonra 8 hafta boyunca Tribulus terrestris bitki ekstraktı verilmiştir. Deney sonunda tüm sıçanlar uygun ortam ve şartlarda dekapite edilerek ve çalışmanın sonuçlarının inceleneceği parametreler için uygun kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Alınan kan örnekleri jelli düz biyokimya tüplerine alınacak, 4000 rpm'de 5-10 dakika santrifüj edilerek serum elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen serumlar otoanalizör yardımıyla lipid parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Karbontetraklorür ile karaciğer hasarı oluşturan grup ile kontrol grubu lipid parametreleri total kolesterol, trigliserit, düşük dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-K), çok düşük dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (VLDL-K) ve yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-K) değerlerinin arasında istatiksel bir fark olduğu saptandı (P<0.05). 2 g/kg Tribulus terrestris'in verilen CCl4 uygulanmış 5. gruptaki lipid parametreleri ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı (P>0.05). CCI4'ün neden olduğu oksidatif stres ve lipit peroksidasyonu sonucu oluşturulan hiperlipidemiye karşı Tribulus Terrestris'in bitkisinin önemli düzeyde azaltıcı etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the healing effect of Favipiravir used in pre-intensive care treatment of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in order to elucidate the pathogenesis and complications of coronavirus. The data regarding the clinical findings of the patients in the hospital information system and the biochemical parameters made standard in the treatment/follow-up of COVID 19 were taken from the system and evaluated retrospectively. In addition, it was examined as a whole with mild, moderate and severe pulmonary involvement compared to CT findings. Hemogram, coagulation and biochemistry parameters used in the diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19 were evaluated. SPSS 22.0 statistics program for Windows was used in statistical analysis to evaluate the data obtained from patient files and hospital information system. There is no definitive treatment protocol within the scope of treatment. Drug studies are currently ongoing. In this study, the first clinical findings, treatment types and recovery times of patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the healing effect of favipiravir used before intensive care were determined. Between group 1 (those who started treatment within 0-5 days) and group 2 (those who started treatment within 6-10 days), after 5 days of favipravir treatment, when serum parameters were compared, favipravir treatment was statistically significantly lower in the first group that was started early, WBC, Neutrophil, Creatine, CK, CRP, D-Dimer, PCT, LDH. By collecting the data obtained as a result of the research, early deaths can be prevented worldwide. Our study recommending alternative treatment approaches is important for the protection of patients' quality of life. In this study, when all biochemical markers were evaluated together, it was evaluated that starting Favipiravir treatment early was beneficial in treating COVID-19 disease.