This study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of Nigella sativa oil supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease Stage 3 and 4 due to diabetic nephropathy. It was a prospective, comparative, and open-label study. Patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 (Control) received conservative management of diabetic nephropathy, whereas Group 2 (Test) received N. sativa oil (2.5 mL, once daily and per orally) along with conservative management for 12 weeks. Blood glucose, hemogram, and kidney function test were done at 0, 6, and 12 weeks of treatment. Significance of differences between pre- and post-treatment values in each group was assessed using Student's paired t-test and between the groups using unpaired t-test. We found a drop in blood glucose, serum creatinine, blood urea, and 24 h total urinary protein levels and a rise in glomerular filtration rate, 24 h total urinary volume, and hemoglobin level in the treatment group compared to the control group.
Cardiovascular complications are one of the major factors for early mortality in the present worldwide scenario and have become a major challenge in both developing and developed nations. It has thus become of immense importance to look for different therapeutic possibilities and treatments for the growing burden of cardiovascular diseases. Recent advancements in research have opened various means for better understanding of the complication and treatment of the disease. Adenosine receptors have become tool of choice in understanding the signaling mechanism which might lead to the cardiovascular complications. Adenosine A3 receptor is one of the important receptor which is extensively studied as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorder. Recent studies have shown that A3AR is involved in the amelioration of cardiovascular complications by altering the expression of A3AR. This review focuses towards the therapeutic potential of A3AR involved in cardiovascular disease and it might help in better understanding of mechanism by which this receptor may prove useful in improving the complications arising due to various cardiovascular diseases. Understanding of A3AR signaling may also help to develop newer agonists and antagonists which might be prove helpful in the treatment of cardiovascular disorder.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder affecting skin and mucous membranes. It is one of the few serious dermatological adverse effects of drugs encountered in clinical practice which is characterized by blisters and rash on skin, mucous membranes, swelling over face and lips, and hyperpigmentation. After that, the outer layer of affected skin becomes dead, sheds, and starts to heal after several days of inflicting injury. Here, we present a case series of ofloxacin and chloroquine induced SJS after the consent given by patients. First case is a 62 years old male received Ofloxacin and second patient is a 40 years old male received chloroquine. Both patients experienced a severe skin reaction which was diagnosed as SJS. The above-mentioned medications will be implicated in cases of SJS. We should prescribe these medications with extreme caution.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare and serious but life-threatening dermolytic cutaneous reaction characterized by diffuse and severe exfoliation and destruction of the epidermis of skin and mucosa due to immunological damage of the epidermis which can bring about sepsis and respiratory distress. Drugs are the most common inflicting agents in the generation of TEN. Among drugs, antiepileptics, antipsychotics, and sulfa-drugs are common causes of TEN. Valproate is one of the most common drugs prescribed for epilepsy, was found as causative agent in TEN in very few cases. Among sulfonamides, sulfamethoxazole is commonly used antibiotic which can cause TEN. The evidence-based treatment guidelines are lacking, so the best approach is to recognize and evade potential risk factors and to deliver intensive supportive care immediately to reduce morbidity and mortality. The aim of this case series is to focus on valproate and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)-induced TEN, which are commonly used drugs. Here, we present a case series of TEN inflicted by TMP-SMX and sodium valproate in a 23-year-old female and 10-year-old boy, respectively, with successful recovery.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder and may be life threatening affecting mainly mucocutaneous tissues. It is a type of generalised, multisystemic hypersensitivity reaction directly linked to the drug intake. It is one of the few serious adverse effects of drugs involving skin and mucous membranes which are characterised by rash, bullae and blisters spread on skin, mucous membranes, swelling with erosive lesions on lips and face and hyperpigmentation. Normally, SJS is a self-resolving condition but it has potential to be converted into life-threatening disease. Here, we describe and present a case series of SJS inflicted by rifampicin and allopurinol. First one is a 28-year-old-female and second case is a 50-year-old male, both received rifampicin for pulmonary tuberculosis. Third patient is a 22-year-old young male taken allopurinol for hyperuricemia. All these patients noticed a severe skin reaction which is a part of erythema multiforme spectrum. Causality assessment was done in these patients with the help of Naranjo’s algorithm and diagnosed as cases of SJS.
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