This article provides a brief historical review of disability and personal and environmental limitations to community participation. Attention is given to policies that have limited consumer choice and to the pushback from disability rights advocates. These advocates eventually started the independent living movement as a reaction to the medical model that identifies disability as a personal defect rather than an environmental limitation. The authors discuss the basic philosophy and core services of independent living, and they present a conceptual model for helping centers for independent living (CIL) consumers more fully participate in the community. This model describes a continuum from independence to interdependence approaches to providing CIL services. Finally, the authors describe current research to determine the effectiveness of these two approaches to increasing consumer community participation.
Scholarly communication outreach and education activities are proliferating in academic libraries. Simultaneously, digital humanists—a group that includes librarians and non-librarians based in libraries, as well as scholars and practitioners without library affiliation—have developed forms of scholarship that demand and introduce complementary innovations focused on infrastructure, modes of dissemination and evaluation, openness, and other areas with implications for scholarly communication. Digital humanities experiments in post-publication filtering, open peer review, middle-state publishing, decentering authority, and multimodal and nonlinear publication platforms are discussed in the context of broader library scholarly communication efforts.
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