Introduction: Anemia appears to be the most common extra intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and has been associated with a wide range of complications such as impaired quality of life, an increased rate of hospital admissions and even mortality. Objective:  To determine the frequency of anemia in patients presenting with ulcerative colitis.  Material and methods;This Cross Sectional Study was conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, ATH, Abbottabad  from 20th September 2020 to 20th March 2021.    A total of 109 patients of both gender with ulcerative colitis were included in the study. Venous blood was collected from all patients in sodium EDTA tube by a 3rd year resident and was immediately sent to hospital laboratory. Hemoglobin < 11 g/dL was recorded as anemia and noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 18 to 60 years with mean age of 41.550±6.56 years, mean duration of complain was 9.862±2.57 months and mean weight was 80.091±7.60 Kg. Male patients were 63.3% and females were 36.7%. Anemia was observed in 14.7% Patients presenting with ulcerative colitis. Conclusion:  In conclusion, we found a high incidence and prevalence of anaemia in patients presenting with ulcerative colitis.

Background; Obstructive jaundice in simple terms means the outflow of bile has been obstructed anywhere from the liver to the duodenum. It is caused by obstruction, blockage and/or compression of common bile duct (CBD) and/or biliary tract that leads to incomplete excretion of bile into the intestine. Patients with obstructive jaundice usually present with Complains of abdominal pain, yellow discoloration of skin and/or eyes, pale stools, dark colored urine, nausea, vomiting and pruritus. Objective: To determine frequency of common bile duct strictures in patients presenting with obstructive jaundice in Ayub teaching hospital. Material and Method.  This Cross Sectional Study was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology, ATH, Abbottabad from 15th September 2020 to 15th March 2021. A total of 135 patients of both gender presenting with jaundice and having serum bilirubin ≥1.1 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase ≥140 IU/L along with evidence of obstruction of common bile duct were included in the study. Presence of CBD stricture was confirmed through Ultrasonography or CT abdomen. Results: Age range in this study was from 20 to 80 years with mean age of 44.651±12.90 years. Female gender was dominant with 61.5% patients. Common bile duct strictures was seen in 9.6% patients.

Objective: To ascertain the efficacy of sofosbuvir combined with daclatasvir against hepatitis C genotype 3 infection. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from Nov 2018 to Jan 2020. Methodology: About 262 patients were treated during the study. Patients with symptoms associated with liver failure, including ascites, uncontrolled bleeding, encephalopathy and other comorbidities, were excluded from the study. Patients with diagnosed hepatitis C genotype 3 infection were given daclatasvir and sofosbuvir combined with follow-up visits at 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Primary outcome variables were end treatment response, sustained viral response, nonresponders, and relapse rate. In addition, secondary outcomes of patient variables including age, gender, and baseline viral load were observed. Results: The mean age of patients was 39.8 ± 8.2 years. The twelve-week course of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir produced an end treatment response (ETR) of 98.9%, while the sustained virological response was 95.8%. The combination had no adverse effects, and none of the patients reported treatment discontinuation. There were no deaths due to treatment. Conclusion: The current study indicates that using Sofosbuvir in conjunction with Daclatasvir is an effective drug regime against the Hepatitis C virus, type 3 infection.