Yang, W. Z., Oba, M. and McAllister, T. A. 2013. Quality and precision processing of barley grain affected intake and digestibility of dry matter in feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 251–260. A study was conducted to determine the impact of barley quality and precision processing to account for the impact of variable kernel uniformity on ruminal pH and fermentation, and digestibility in the digestive tract of steers. Eight ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 4×4 Latin square experiment. The four diets consisted of light-weight barley (LB) precision-processed with roller setting based on kernel size; heavy-weight barley (HB) precision-processed; LB and HB grain mixed equal parts then processed at a single roller setting (CON); or LB and HB precision-processed and mixed equal parts (PP). The diets consisted of 10% barley silage and 90% concentrate [dry matter (DM) basis]. Dry matter intake by steers fed LB was greater (P=0.04) than by steers fed HB. Intakes of DM and other nutrients were greater (P=0.04) for steers fed PP than for steers fed CON. There were no differences (P>0.14) in ruminal pH and fermentation among treatments. Digestibility of DM in the total digestive tract tended (P=0.06) to be less with LB than with HB. Precision processing increased digestibility of crude proteion (P=0.04) and acid detergent fibre (P=0.06) resulting in a trend (P=0.10) towards increasing organic matter digestibility as compared with CON. The results suggest that screening of blended barley into more uniform fractions and precision processing of each fraction could increase intake of digestible nutrients for feedlot cattle.
Li, Y. L., Li, C., Beauchemin, K. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2013. Effects of a commercial blend of essential oils and monensin in a high-grain diet containing wheat distillers’ grains on in vitro fermentation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 387–398. Our objective was to evaluate in vitro effects of a commercial blend of essential oils (BEO) versus monensin (MON) on fermentation of a high-grain diet containing wheat distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment was designed as a short-term batch culture to determine the optimum dose of BEO (0, 45, 90 or 180 mg kg−1 DM) on fermentation variables. The second experiment was a completely randomized block design with a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments using the rumen simulation technique. A high-grain dietary substrate containing wheat DDGS was supplemented with 0 or 28 mg MON kg−1 DM combined with 0 and 90 mg BEO kg−1 DM. Monensin did not affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or the molar proportions of individual VFA, but reduced CH4 production (mL L−1 gas; P=0.01) and disappearance of DM (P=0.04). Supplementation of BEO did not affect VFA concentration, but decreased (P=0.01) the molar proportion of acetate and reduced (P=0.02) the acetate to propionate concentration ratio and CH4 production (mL g−1 digested organic matter). The BEO increased (P=0.01) disappearance of neutral detergent fiber without affecting disappearance of other nutrients. These results indicate that supplementation of high-grain dietary substrate containing wheat DDGS with BEO improved fermentation pattern by increasing propionate concentration, reducing CH4 production, and increasing fiber digestibility. This commercial BEO could be a potential substitute for MON for beef cattle fed high-grain diets containing DDGS.
Yang, W. Z., Xu, L., Li, C. and Beauchemin, K. A. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of supplemental canola meal and various types of distillers’ grains on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 281–286. A growth study was conducted to investigate the effects of protein source on growth performance of backgrounded steers. Partly replacing barley grain with canola meal (CM), corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles (cDDGS) or fractionated corn dried distillers grains with solubles (fDDGS) increased averaged daily gain and feed conversion efficiency of backgrounded steers. Steers fed corn DDGS (cDDGS, fDDGS) improved feed conversion efficiency compared with steers fed wheat dried distillers’ grain with solubles (wDDGS). These results indicate that inclusion of protein ingredients in barley-based diets is necessary to improve growth performance of growing cattle. To maximize profits, the choice of protein source in cattle rations will depend upon availability and cost of ingredients.
Nanon, A., Suksombat, W., Beauchemin, K. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2014. Short Communication: Assessment of lemongrass oil supplementation in a dairy diet on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics using the rumen simulation technique. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 731–736. A study using a rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing lemongrass oil (LMO) supplementation on ruminal fermentation characteristics of a dairy cow diet. Increasing LMO from 0, to 100 to 200 mg kg−1 dry matter did not affect volatile fatty acid concentration, whereas LMO supplementation increased large and small peptide N and reduced ammonia N concentration. Adding 200 mg of LMO kg−1 dry matter also increased microbial N production. However, feed digestibility was not affected by LMO supplementation. These results suggest that the addition of LMO may inhibit deamination in the rumen.
response to processing, in vitro gas production and fermentation of western Canadian feed barley. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 725Á729. Sixty feed barley samples were collected from various locations in western Canada. Samples were either ground (1 mm) or dryrolled to a processing index of 80%, and fermentability was assessed by measuring gas production (GP) and dry matter disappearances (DMD) at 0, 4, 8, 14 and 24 h of incubation using a batch culture technique. Physical and chemical composition, and GP and DMD varied substantially among samples. There were significant correlations among test weight and nutrient content of barley with GP and DMD of ground barley. The results indicate that the impact of nutrient content on in vitro DMD is more easily detected with ground than rolled barley.
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