-Pesticide (vinclozolin, iprodione and methyl tiophanate) residues were determined in honey, pollen and bee bread from a plantation of cherry (Prunus cerasus) cv. English morello. The least contaminated were honey samples, which contained up to 0.1 mg·kg -1 and pollen with up to 0.25 mg·kg -1 , and the most contaminated was bee bread with up to 23.6 mg·kg -1 of the used fungicides. Obtained results suggest that residues of vinclozolin and iprodione present in pollen grains are chemically modified (possibly conjugated) and thus undetected by the method used. During fermentation of bee bread the conjugates are hydrolysed and free pesticides released. Experiments showed that both vinclozolin and iprodione applied to old leaves were transported to young leaves and flowers. Thus, despite contact mode of action declared by producers, they also show systemic properties. This assumption may be corroborated by the dynamics of pollen contamination (4-5 days of lag period between the spray time and time of incidence of maximum contamination). © Inra/DIB/ AGIB/Elsevier, Paris

Summary — Ten sediment samples isolated from propolis samples collected in Poland were examined under the microscope. The sediment was obtained by an extraction method which ensured preservation of plant tissue structure. Thus in addition to pollen, the secretory discs and other plant elements were identified in each sample of propolis sediments. These elements were found to be identical to those isolated from fresh Betula and Alnus leaves. The pollen contents differed in various propolis samples and reflected the flora of the region of origin. The presence of secretory discs in the propolis samples confirmed the hypothesis that bees collected oil and resinous substances from plant surfaces such as the leaves of Betula and Alnus.propolis / extraction method / pollen analysis / secretory disc / Betula / Alnus

a multitude of diseases, among them fungal ones. Several crops (strawberry, raspberry, cherry, apple and others) require protection during blooming. Since most 1. INTRODUCTION Contemporary horticultural production requires heavy chemical protection against

--No differences were observed between the species diversity of pollen gathered by colonies with artificially reduced worker genetic diversity and those derived from naturally mated queens. Such a result does not support the hypothesis that polyandry increases colony fitness in which a genetic basis is created for using a wider range of food sources.

The biology of blooming of garden dill and the influence of insect pollination on seed seetting was investigated. The experiment was carried out near Lublin, on the loessy soils within two different habitats in the season 1977-78. In order to determine the sugar weight of nectar isolated flowers were washed out, then the water enclosed in the nectar was vaporized and the remaining sugars underwent repeated dissolution and determined quantitatively with refractometer. The pollen yield was determined with the ether-weight method. The number of the secreting stomata on the epidermis of the nectary was on the average 950 per 1 mm². The sugar weight of 0.4 mg and pollen weight of 0.63 mg from 10 flowers informed of the attractiveness ofthe garden dill for the pollinating insects. The estimated honey yield of garden dill was 27.8 kg ha^-1 and pollen yield was 18.7 kg ha^-1. The isolation of the flowers from the pollinators brought about the decrease of the seed yield of 30% in 1977 and of 43% in 1978. The presence of the entomofauna on the flowers must be taken into consideration when forecasting the seed yield in the horticultural production of the garden dill