Mucormycosis is a relatively uncommon but intractable fungal infectious disease. The mortality is very high when it occurs. In this study, we reported a continuous cases of pulmonary mucormycosis in three patients who suffered from chronic kidney disease, history of renal transplantation and multiple myeloma in April 2017, respectively. Cultures were obtained from several specimens (pathological tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum) and all identified as Rhizopus microsporus by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time- Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ITS DNA sequencing methods. In addition, they all showed susceptibility to amphotericin B and posaconazole. Unfortunately, even through the three patients all treated with amphotericin B and posaconazole, one man still died eventually. Clinicians should keep an eye on patients who are at high risk of acquiring this fatal disease and make early intervention strategies to reduce terrible outcomes.

Structural and cellular complexity of prostatic histopathology limits the accuracy of noninvasive detection and grading of prostate cancer (PCa). We addressed this limitation by employing a novel diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to derive structurally-specific diffusion fingerprints reflecting various underlying prostatic structural and cellular components. We further developed diffusion histology imaging (DHI) by combining DBSI-derived structural fingerprints with a deep neural network (DNN) algorithm to more accurately classify different histopathological features and predict tumor grade in PCa. We examined 243 patients suspected with PCa using in vivo DBSI. The in vivo DBSI-derived diffusion metrics detected coexisting prostatic pathologies distinguishing inflammation, PCa, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. DHI distinguished PCa from benign peripheral and transition zone tissues with over 95% sensitivity and specificity. DHI also demonstrated over 90% sensitivity and specificity for Gleason score noninvasively. We present DHI as a novel diagnostic tool capable of noninvasive detection and grading of PCa.