In this study, finite element method and X-ray diffraction measurement were used to determine the thermal stress distribution of functionally graded WC-Co composites. The calculated results show that high stress concentration occurs in the cobalt gradient zone, tensile stress pile-up occurs in the cobalt rich zone and compressive stress pile-up occurs in the surface zone. As the sintering time is increased, compressive residual stress in the surface zone has a tendency of decreasing. The maximum value of compressive stress in the surface zone is 250 MPa. The results are in good agreement with X-ray diffraction measurement results. For the purpose of this work, the material design method is achieved by changing the calculated parameters.
A 3-D finite element model of residual stress and distortion in welded structure with square section for angle steel is developed based on thermal-elastic-plastic theory. The residual stress and deformation for welded structure under different conditions are calculated and their distribution characteristics are comparatively analyzed. Results show that, relatively larger stress is generated in and near the weld zone for the welded joint. With an increase in weld length, both equivalent stress and residual distortion increase accordingly, but the effect of weld length on welding residual stress is limited. Under the conditions of 20 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm long welds, the deformations of the three reinforced structures caused by 15000 Pa external load are 4.80mm, 4.79mm and 4.78mm respectively, indicating they have the similar bearing capacity.
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