The most common type of falsification of animal products is the substitution of raw materials of more valuable types with less valuable ones, including poultry meat. This paper presents the results of identification of undeclared chicken DNA in meat products using real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect falsification of products sold in Moscow and the Moscow region. As a result of PCR research, chicken DNA (Gallus gallus) was found in six out of ten samples of meat products, but semi-quantitative analysis excluded one meat product, since the amount of the desired component was less than one percent. All ten samples were also subjected to organoleptic evaluation, physical and chemical studies, luminescent microscopy, and the determination of safety indicators (the number of chemical elements, pesticides, antibiotics, and radionuclides). The results of comprehensive research did not reveal any deviations. Thus, the method of polymerase chain reaction allows you to determine the type of raw materials in the composition of minced meat products, finely ground semi-finished products, including those subjected to heat treatment. To accurately confirm the presence of falsification of meat products detected by PCR-RV, not only qualitative analysis, but also quantitative analysis is necessary.
The deterioration of the ecological situation in Russia and the contamination of environmental objects with various chemical compounds pose a growing threat to human and animal health and the state of the environment. Bee products can carry a potential threat to human health, as bees are in constant and direct contact with the environment. The article presents the results of a study of honey for heavy metals - lead and cadmium. The dependence of the amount of lead in honey from road traffic of highways in the flying radius of bees has been revealed. The direct dependence of the presence of lead in honey, pollution by its exhaust gases of cars from automobile traffic of a highway in the flying radius of bees is proved. A technique has been developed for determining the load of vehicles in the area, expressed in the release of lead into the atmosphere from combustible motor fuel. The organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the honey are determined. The article presents data that proves that the content of heavy metals in honey does not affect its organoleptic and physicochemical properties, but represents a real danger for human health, because heavy metals are cumulated in the body.
The article presents the results of a study of the quality and safety of raw cow's milk, sour cream and cottage cheese, produced in a private farm in the Tver region. In the course of the work, regulatory documents were studied and organoleptic and physico-chemical researches were performed. In order to determine the food safety of dairy products, microbiological studies were conducted: QMAFAnM, the content of somatic cells and inhibitory substances, the number of Salmonella, coliforms, lactic acid microorganisms and S. aureus were determined). On the basis of the obtained results, it was established that the investigated milk can be allowed for sale and is quality raw material for the production of dairy products. Sour cream and cottage cheese from private production are benign, microbiologically pure and safe food.
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