Giant cell tumour

Background: Psychosis exists in the community as a continuum of severity. Here, we examine the correlates of self-reported psychotic symptoms in an urban catchment area of Iran. Sampling and Methods: Two thousand one hundred and fifty-eight participants (age 18–65 years) residing in southern Tehran (the capital city of Iran) were interviewed using the psychoticism and paranoia dimensions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) to assess the severity of psychotic symptoms. Other dimensions of the SCL-90-R assessing nonpsychotic symptoms and a sociodemographic questionnaire were also used. Paykel’s Interview for Recent Life Events was used to assess stressful life events. Results: Independent associations were observed between younger age, female gender, stressful life events and dimensions of depression, anxiety, hostility, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity and psychoticism. Independent associations were also observed for marital problems, unemployment, stressful life events and dimensions of depression, anxiety, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety with paranoid ideation. There was also a trend toward an association between higher educational levels and the severity of psychotic symptoms, particularly paranoid ideation. Conclusions: Most of the previously accepted correlations for psychotic symptoms in the community were replicated. An unexpected association between paranoia and female gender, and a trend toward higher rates of psychotic symptoms in more educated participants, were in contrast with the studies in developed settings. The insufficient coverage of psychosis-relevant questions from the SCL-90-R for the entire psychotic diagnostic spectrum should be considered a limitation.

Background: Because of some insult to kidney during transplantation, assessment of kidney function after the procedure is essential. It would be ideal to find a marker better than creatinine to early predict the acute kidney injury. Objective: To compare with creatinine the predictive value of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in detecting kidney recovery after renal transplantation. Methods: We studied 33 patients who received kidney transplantation (deceased [n=20] and live [n=13]) during a 6-month period in 2010. Serum NGAL and creatinine, hemoglobin, and blood glucose were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after transplantation. The need for dialysis and kidney function in one week were studied. Results: There were 16 men and 17 women with the mean±SD age of 36.3±12.2 (range: 14–58) years. Of the studied patients, 6 had delayed graft function (DGF; hemodialysis within the first week of transplant); 9 had slow graft function (SGF; serum creatinine reduction from transplantation to day 7 <70%), and 23 had immediate graft function (IGF; reduction in serum creatinine ≥70%). At any time, serum NGAL, and creatinine levels were significantly higher among patients with DGF (p=0.024) and SGF (p=0.026) compared with those with IGF. However, in those who got IGF vs non-IGF, serum creatinine levels were not significantly different (p=0.59) but serum NGAL levels differed significantly(p=0.020). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curves (AUCs) of serum NGAL and serum creatinine levels on the first post-transplantation day had similar significance in predicting the patient’s need to dialysis in the first week. However, using AUC of serum creatinine was not helpful in predicting non-IGF, compared to serum NGAL. The AUCs of the serum NGAL were 0.70 (95% CI: 0.52–0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.59–0.93) after 12 and 24 hours, respectively (p<0.05). The highest AUC (0.82) was attributed to serum NGAL of 24 hour (p=0.002). Conclusion: Serum NGAL level especially 24 hours post-transplantation, seems to be an early accurate predictor of both the need to dialysis and slow graft function within the first week of kidney transplantation.

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Background and Aims:To assess psychotic-like experiences and their correlates in a large sample of urban dwelling general population in Tehran, the capital city of Iran.Methods:A random sample of 2158 subjects aged 18 -65 residing in a densely populated area in southern Tehran was surveyed. Psychotic-like experiences were assessed with the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL90-R) symptom dimensions “paranoid ideation” and “psychoticism”. Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events was used to examine recent and past stressful life events.Results:Using “moderately experienced” cut-off level, the prevalence of psychoticism symptoms ranged from 9.4% (Having thoughts that are not your own) to 18.4% (The idea that you should be punished for sins); paranoid symptoms were reported in 24% (Having ideas that other do not share) to 50.3% (Feeling that most people cannot be trusted). In linear regression analyses, younger age, single or divorced marital status, past history of a psychiatric illness, and current psychological distress (as measured by GSI score in SCL90-R) were associated with psychoticism dimension, whereas female sex, past history of a psychiatric illness, current psychological distress and recent stressful life events contributed to paranoid ideations.Conclusions:A considerable proportion of a sample in an urban population in Iran displayed psychotic-like experiences. Correlates of these experiences are similar to those observed for psychiatric problems in general, and does not appear to be specific for psychotic spectrum.