Railway areas are considered as large greenspaces and are recognized important in improving the biodiversity and dynamic of urban flora. In this study, we examined the flora composition and diversity along intra-city railway lines in Lublin, SE Poland and Lviv, W Ukraine. The flora has been analyzed in terms of species composition (multivariate ordination techniques), life span, life form, type of pollination mode, seed dispersal, life strategy sensu Grime, hemerophoby, urbanity degree, and in terms of habitat preferences using ecological indicator values. The multivariate analysis (CCA) clearly revealed that abiotic factors (topographical), weather elements (annual precipitation and air temperature), and soil attributes (moisture, trophy, pH, salinity) differed between two cities and impacted on the differences in railway flora composition. Plants growing on the intra-urban railway areas are mainly hemicryptophytes/perennials, C, CR, CRS-strategists, insect-, self-, or wind-pollinated, reproducing by seeds and mainly dispersed by wind. Intra-urban railway areas are predominated by native species, however the participation of invasive alien species is higher than their proportion in domestic floras. The share of invasive species is greater in railway areas of Lviv, ca. 12% (45 species) compared to 8% in Lublin (36 species). Spontaneous flora in intra-urban railway areas represent distinct adaptations to unique urban-industrial ecosystems with different degree of anthropogenic disturbance.
Heterogeneous and disturbed habitats within railway areas create an ideal environment for establishment of invasive plant species. In this study, we compared the invasive species composition and abundance within railway areas of two cities, Lublin, SE Poland and Lviv, W Ukraine. In total, 70 invasive species were recorded. The invasive species list was similar for the two cities, with the most invasive species occurring at both (81.4%), 8.5% occurring only in Lublin and 10% only in Lviv. The proportion of invasive species in the total flora was almost 1.5-fold higher at Lviv compared to Lublin. Invasive species have originated mainly from continental America (45.7%), followed by Asia and Eurasia. The participation of invasive plants derived from Asia and Eurasia at Lviv is higher than at Lublin. The invasive flora includes a wide range of taxonomic groups, with a predominance of Asteraceae and Poaceae. The ecological attributes of invasive species on railway areas are: mainly annual therophytes, mostly wind-and insect pollination modes, a predominance of generative reproduction, anthropochorous and anemochorous dispersal and short-term persistent, long-term persistent or transient seed banks.
The article presents a list of bryophytes on the territory of the forest park "Pohulyanka" in Lviv city which includes 143 species of mosses which belong to 79 gene ra, 36 families of two divisions: Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta. Changes in the species composition for the last 50-100 years were analyzed: 34 species were not detected, the reduction of the species diversity of the liverworts and decreasing of the proportion of moss families: Polytrichaceae Schwägr., Thuidiaceae Schimp., Hylocomiaceae M. Fleisch. are noted. These families are changed the least: Brachytheciaceae Schimp., Hypnaceae Schimp., Mniaceae Schwägr. 72 species of bryophytes are indicated for the studied area for the first time, and Eucladium verticillatum (With.) Bruch et Schimp. is indicated for the first time for the territory of Lviv region. 25 species are rare for the nemoral and foreststeppe zones. The substrate affiliation of the bryophytes was presented. It was shown that the spectrum of substrates for the epiphytes has expanded as a result of the anthropogenic activity.
У статті наведено список видів рослин на території залізничних колій у м. Львові, який охоплює 409 видів (41 вид мохоподібних і 368 види судинних рослин), що належать до 275 родів, 86 родин із шести відділів: Marchantiоphyta, Bryophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta, Magnoliophyta. Проаналізовано особливості систематичної та фракційної структур флори, характеру розподілу видів у різних екотопах залізниці. Показано, що у процесі заростання територій залізниці переважають мохоподібні-апофіти (92,7 %), серед яких 52,6 % евентапофітів і 47,4 % геміапофітів. Серед судинних рослин також домінують апофіти (57,6 %), але активно проникають адвентивні види (37,2 %), серед яких 57,7 % становлять кенофіти і 42,3 %археофіти. Незначна кількість у флорі індигенофітів: мохоподібних-7,3 % і судинних рослин-5,2 %. Серед досліджених типів екотопів рослини найчастіше обирають для поселення територію прилеглих до залізниці смуг (77,5 %), трапляються на насипах і в канавах (52,5 %), а також на залізничному полотні (40,7 %). Виявлено низку рослин, проникнення і поширення яких є небезпечним для природних екосистем.
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