The paper deals with the issues of technology of grouting binders of silicate materials with the use of waste from the processing of petroleum bituminous rocks. The optimal compositions of grouting solutions with the use of waste from the processing of PBR were studied. The stability of the samples in aggressive environments of low-and high-base calcium hydrosilicates was studied. Technological processes for the production of grouting binders based on waste from the processing of PBR were justified and developed. Grouting compositions, characterized by high quality were developed. The positive effect of mixing and storage of the tested cement mixtures containing up to 50% of PBR waste with sulfate solutions of Na 2SO 4 and MgSO4 salts on the studied technical characteristics of the grouting solution and cement stone was established. A significant result is an improvement in the setting performance, an increase in strength without a significant deterioration in the adhesion of the cement stone to the drive pipe at a 5% salt concentration. The research results provide recommendations for the development of weighted grouting cements using technogenic materials containing an increased amount of iron oxide.
The article considers the issues of technology of silicate materials of dense and cellular structure with usage of oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing, in particular: the optimization of the ratios of the raw components of a silicate materials mixture, the development of optimal technological parameters for the production of silicate materials, and the technological aspects of the production of the above materials. The optimal compositions of binders with use of waste products from OBR are studied in this work as an activating component of lime or cement. The stability of the samples was studied in various media with a low and high content of basic calcium hydrosilicate. If they contain insoluble silicates and aluminosilicates containing silica, they are acid resistant. Alkali-resistant rocks containing oxides corresponding to strong bases are combined with oxides corresponding to weak acids, for example, calcium and magnesium carbonates. As a result of the experimental work, technological processes for the manufacture of silicate materials (of dense and cellular structure) based on the OBR and waste from their processing are substantiated and developed. The paper reveals the chemical-mineralogical and the structural features of oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing. The optimal ratio of the waste mixture of oil and bituminous rocks with lime and the technological parameters that ensure the grade of lime-sand binder from 400 to 500 are established. Silicate materials based on this mixture have high physical and mechanical properties and comply with the requirements of the ST standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan for silicate brick and GOST state standard for aerated concrete. Thus, the compositions and conditions for the preparation of these binders with high resistance in large temperature, pressure and aggressive environments are proposed in this work. Key words: oil bituminous rocks and waste from their processing, structure, mechanochemical activation, silicate materials, binder, cellular concrete, durability.
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The results of the survey and calculation of the stability of retaining walls along highways located near the incline of the slope are presented. The analysis of the results of the numerical solution for modeling the interaction of the slope and the retaining wall shows that the most dangerous areas are the zones of development of maximum horizontal deformations at the retaining walls due to shear deformations. The zone, where shear deformations are spread, covers a large volume of slope soils. Collapsing soils, sinking from their own weight on the slope during water saturation, worsen the initial value of the adhesion, the angle of internal friction, the modulus of deformation, changing the stress-strain state. The trajectories of the movement of particles of collapsing soil when the stress-strain state of the slope on the retaining wall changes show that the movement of soil particles occurs at the boundary of collapsing and non-collapsing loams. Numerical calculations carried out under the PLAXIS program showed that in the water-saturated state, the slope is a landslide. The retaining wall on the incline of the slope, made of collapsing soils, is not stable and the sliding of the soil occurs only in the layers of collapsing soils of the slope.
The paper deals with the issues of technology of binding silicate materials with the use of mineral waste from the processing of petroleum bituminous rocks (PBR) – optimization of the ratio of raw components of the mixture of binders, development of optimal technological parameters for their production. The optimal compositions of binders were studied using waste from the processing of PBR as an activating component of cement. The influence of mechanic and chemical activation on the change in the acid-base parameters of the suspension from the crushed material was revealed. The effect of the content of additives on the degree of hydration was studied. The influence of the hardening conditions on the strength of the binder with additives of waste from the processing of PBR was studied. As a result of the experimental work carried out, technological processes for the production of binders based on waste from the processing of PBR were justified and developed. The optimal ratio of the mixture of waste from the processing of PBR with cement and the technological parameters that allow ensuring the optimal grade of the cement-sand binder are found. Silicate materials based on it have high physical and mechanical properties, meet regulatory requirements and have high resistance under operating conditions.
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