This article presents a review of X-ray spectroscopic diagnostic and measurement techniques as applied to laser plasma interaction and laser fusion studies. As a matter of definition we restrict our attention to the range of a several hundred eV to about 100 keV. We deal with both the basic measurement concepts and the instrumental techniques. First a brief review of the physical phenomena and parameter ranges involved is given. We then deal with specific X-ray spectroscopic instruments and methods that are useful in laser plasma X-ray spectroscopy. A discussion is given of various modeling techniques and how they can be compared with experimental measurements.
Energy spectra for p, d, t, 'He, 4 ~e , and 6 ~e from the reaction ' 2 C + 1 9 7 ~~ at 35 MeV/nucleon are presented. A common intermediate rapidity source is identified using a moving source fit to the spectra that yields cross sections which are compared to analogous data at other bombarding energies and to several different models. The excitation function of the composite to proton ratios is compared with quantum statistical, hydrodynamic, and thermal models.A recent systematic studyl of inclusive data on light particle emission from asymmetric nucleus-nucleus collisions at various bombarding energies1-4 has revealed that light fragments emitted at angles 2 50" can be attributed to a common, intermediate rapidity source. Data are scarce, however, in the intermediate energy region of 20 < Elab < 100 MeV/nucleon. This first set of measure-
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