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The "direct coloring" thiocholine method of Karnovsky and Roots (1964) for the demonstration of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was modified and adapted to the technique of semipermeable membranes. In this way it is possible to demonstrate histochemically both the bound as well as the soluble part of AChE activity. The localization of the reaction product is very distinct. Microdensitometric investigations of results of this method showed a linear increase of the amount of reaction product up to an incubation time of 180 min and section thickness up to 24 micron. The medium supplemented with buffer (instead of agar) can be used for the demonstration of AChE activity in cryostat sections adherent to slides and is also very suitable for the detection of multiple forms of AChE in polyacrylamide or agarose gels.

The expression of cytoplasmic c-erbB2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) was significantly higher in sporadic cancer of the right than of the left colon. In addition, cytoplasmic c-erbB2 displayed the same difference in the adjacent (less than 2 cm) and distant (more than 5 cm from the tumour margin) mucosa. The findings cannot be related to Dukes staging. It is suggested that different ontogenic development of the right (from the midgut) and the left (from the hindgut) colon may be a possible explanation. Therefore, data on the expression of different molecular markers in colorectal cancer and surrounding mucosa should always be supplemented by data on tumour location.

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Activities of different enzymes (acid glycosidases, phosphatases, Na+ - K+ -dependent ATPase, proteases, dehydrogenases) and acid glycosaminoglycans were studied by histochemical methods in sections of rabbit anterior eye segments after experimental alkali burn and treatment with aprotinin, an inhibitor of plasmin and other serine proteinases. Solutions of sodium hydroxide (0.25-1.0 M) were applied on corneas using 12-mm-diameter plastic tube for 15-60 s. After wiping with cotton and rinsing with tap water aprotinin solutions were applied in saline (in experimental animals) and saline (in control animals) dropwise in 12-h intervals for a month. Within the first two weeks aprotinin was used at a concentration of 5000 IU/ml. During the subsequent two weeks the aprotinin concentration was reduced to 2500 IU/ml. Striking differences in enzyme activities and in the healing between treated and untreated eyes were found. Without aprotinin, ulcers developed in most corneas within 3 weeks and plasmin was regularly demonstrated in tears and in the aqueous. When aprotinin treatment was started within 24 h after the burn, the number of enzymatically active inflammatory cells was significantly lower, not only in the cornea itself but also in the whole anterior eye segment. With aprotinin treatment no ulcerations and no plasmin in tears and the aqueous were observed and the corneas healed within a month. The healing process started from the zone of enzymatically activated corneal cells in the unburned zone at the corneal periphery. In the regenerating epithelium and endothelium high activities of Na+ -K+ -dependent ATPase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate and succinate dehydrogenases appeared very soon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)