Of 433 febrile children examined in the paediatric clinics of two university hospitals in Tehran, Iran, 39 (9%) children (27 girls and 12 boys) were diagnosed as having urinary tract infection in which Escherichia coli was the most frequently detected pathogen (84.6%). According to the voiding cystourethrogram, nine (75%) boys and 17 (63%) girls had urinary tract abnormalities. This result is slightly higher than seen in other reports from developing countries.
Ophthalmia neonatorum is a form of conjunctivitis occurring in infants younger than 4 weeks. It can be a leading cause of blindness in newborns. In this random clinical case-control study, ophthalmia neonatorum was investigated in one university centre. In this study, prophylactic effect of normal saline and ophthalmic erythromycin was compared with a group not receiving any prophylaxis. The first group received ophthalmic erythromycin ointment (0.5%), the second group were distilled one drop of normal saline into each eye, and the third group did not take any prophylaxis. Within the first 10 days of life, conjunctivitis developed in 138 newborns (13.8%). Of conjunctivitis cases, 29.7% were in erythromycin group, 31.9% in normal saline group and 38.4% were in no-prophylaxis group. In general, no significant difference was observed among the three groups (P > 0.05).
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