Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is one of the very rare clinical conditions. It is caused by a pathological communication between the biliary channels and the bronchial tree. 1 BBF is easily misdiagnosed. In this paper, we report one case of BBF in Qinhuangdao No.3 Hospital and review the papers related to BBF in the literature. CASE REPORTA 48-year-old male patient was admitted to our department with a two-day history of cough, yellowgreen sputum and fever along with chills. Physical examination revealed moderate jaundice of skin, an abdominal scar, absent breath sounds in the right lower lobe and a biliary drainage tube with no bile. His past medical history revealed that he had been diagnosed as HCC (hapatocellular carcinoma) by Beijing Youan Hospital 38 months ago, and had undergone TACE (transhepatic arterial chemotherapy and embolization) at that time. Five months ago, he came to our hospital due to yellow sclera and yellow urine for 7 days, and abdominal pain for 2 days. He was diagnosed as "gall stones" and undergone a cholecystetomy in our hospital. After one month, he occurred obstruction of biliary tract and was treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. The drainage after operation worked well till 2 days before admission. His blood test on presentation showed increased bilirubin levels (total bilirubin of 228.9 mmol/L and conjugated bilirubin of 76.7 mmol/L), and sputum test revealed a total bilirubin level of 144 μmol/L, conjugated bilirubin level of 78 μmol/L. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) revealed
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