Fossil fuels and other conventional energy sources used to generate electricity are finite. Therefore, alternative energy sources should be pursued to meet present and future energy demands. The photovoltaic (PV) is a promising renewable energy source, especially for the remote areas. The PV is a DC power source that needs to be converted into usable AC power using an inverter. However, its nonlinearity and output fluctuation pose challenges in the design of PV based inverter. In this paper, a PV inverter controller system with the fundamentals of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and its applications and execution are reviewed. The different fuzzy controllers, inverter control algorithms, and switching techniques are studied. The findings indicate that the fuzzy logic controls have been gaining attention in the area of power control engineering, especially in inverter controller design for PV applications and generation. The FLC has a flexible and intelligent design, expedient user interface, easy computation and learning system, and combinations of different control algorithms. The FLC is also verifiable for completeness, redundancy, and consistency. However, finding the boundaries of membership functions and other rules of FLC requires manual tuning, long computation time, and considerable effort. This paper comprehensively reviews the FLC-based inverter control system to minimize PV output fluctuations, which cause inverter issues related to output harmonics, power factor, switching schemes, losses, and system implementation. The inverter system and its control strategy for future PV applications and generation require further research and development. Consequently, this review focuses on many factors and challenges and provides recommendations for designing capable and efficient inverter control systems for converting PV power to usable AC power. All the highlighted insights of this review will hopefully lead to increased efforts toward the development of the advanced inverter control systems for PV applications for AC loads and the utility grid.
The paper presents a novel fuzzy logic based high performance control of 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. With the aid of the inverter model and fuzzy logic based voltage and current control schemes, a digital signal processor controller board DS1104 generates the sinusoidal pulse-width modulated signals for the inverter operation in both standalone and grid-connected modes. An inverter prototype was built to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm. The system demonstrates stable ac output voltage satisfactorily during both transient and steady-state with grid and load disturbances. The control system generates 2.48% and 4.64% voltage and current total harmonic distortions, respectively. The output waveforms such as output voltage, injected current, and the system power flow are presented to validate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
This paper presents a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system using a Class-E resonant inverter. A Class-E resonant inverter is chosen because of its ability to perform DC-to-AC inversion efficiently while significantly reducing switching losses. The proposed CPT system consists of an efficient Class-E resonant inverter and capacitive coupling formed by two flat rectangular transmitter and receiver plates. To understand CPT behavior, we study the effects of various coupling distances on output power performance. The proposed design is verified through lab experiments with a nominal operating frequency of 1 MHz and 0.25 mm coupling gap. An efficiency of 96.3% is achieved. A simple frequency tracking unit is also proposed to tune the operating frequency in response to changes in the coupling gap. With this resonant frequency tracking unit, the efficiency of the proposed CPT system can be maintained within 96.3%-91% for the coupling gap range of 0.25-2 mm.
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