The non-isothermal decompositions of unirradiated and g-irradiated (10 2 kGy) gallium acetylacetonate Ga(acac) 3 were carried out in static air. The results showed that the decomposition of Ga(acac) 3 proceeds through multiple decomposition steps in the temperature range 150 -310 C to produce Ga 2 O 3 as a final solid residue. Kinetic studies of the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and g-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 were performed using both model-fitting and modelfree approaches. In a model-fitting approach, the kinetic triplet, i.e. the apparent activation energy E a , the pre-exponential factor ln A, and the reaction model f ðaÞ, were analyzed and calculated using the methods of Coats and Redfern, and Kennedy and Clark. In the model-free approach, the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and g-irradiated samples were analyzed using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Tang (T), and Vyazovkin (Vyz) isoconversional methods. The results of application of model-free and model-fitting approaches to the non-isothermal data for both unirradiated and g-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 were compared and evaluated to deduce the most probable kinetic triplet that describes correctly the thermal behaviour of Ga(acac) 3 . No significant changes were observed in the behaviour of unirradiated and g-irradiated Ga(acac) 3 either as regards their thermal decomposition or the calculated kinetic parameters.
Kinetic studies for the non-isothermal decomposition of un-irradiated and γ-irradiated indium acetyl acetonate In(acac) 3 with 10 2 kGy total γ-ray dose were carried out in static air. The results showed that the decomposition proceeds in one major step in the temperature range of 150-250 °C with the formation of In 2 O 3 as solid residue. The non-isothermal data for un-irradiated and γ-irradiated In(acac) 3 were analysed using linear Flynn-WallOzawa (FWO) and nonlinear Vyazovkin (VYZ) iso-conversional methods. The results of application of these free models on the investigated data showed a systematic dependence of E a on α indicating a simple decomposition process. No significant changes were observed in both decomposition behaviour and (Eα-α) dependency between unirradiated and γ-irradiated In(acac) 3 . Calcination of In(acac) 3 at 400 °C for 5 hours led to the formation of In 2 O 3 monodispersed nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, FTIR and SEM techniques were employed for characterization of the synthesised nanoparticles. This is the first attempt to prepare In 2 O 3 nanoparticles by solid state thermal decomposition of In(acac) 3 .
Two cation-exchange materials, aluminium tungstate (AT) and sodium dodecyl sulphate-aluminium tungstate (SDS-AT), were synthesized. Both samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The distribution coefficients for various metal ions on SDS-AT cation-exchange material were performed in different solvent systems. On the basis of distribution coefficient values, the SDS-AT cation-exchange material was found to be selective for the very toxic metal ion, Cr 3? . The hybrid cation-exchange material offered a variety of technological opportunities for quantitative determination and separation of Cr 3? from synthetic mixtures of metal ions. Some binary and ternary separations of metal ions; viz.
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