Background
Acute lung injury (ALI) continues to carry a high mortality rate in children after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often used for these patients for various indications including renal failure and fluid overload, and may have a beneficial effect on oxygenation and survival. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of CRRT on oxygenation in mechanically ventilated pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients with ALI, and to document survival to intensive care unit discharge in this at-risk population receiving both mechanical ventilation and CRRT.
Procedure
Retrospective analysis of a pediatric allogeneic HSCT cohort admitted to intensive care unit of a single pediatric oncology center from 1994 to 2006 who received CRRT during a course of mechanical ventilation for ALI.
Results
Thirty post-HSCT mechanically ventilated children with ALI who underwent CRRT were included. There was a significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 with median increase of 31 and 43 in the 24 and 48 hour intervals after initiation of CRRT compared with the 24 hour interval before CRRT (p = 0.0008 and 0.0062, respectively). This improvement in PaO2/FiO2 correlated significantly with reduction of fluid balance achieved after initiation of CRRT (p=0.0001). There was a trend not reaching statistical significance in improvement in mean airway pressure 48 hours after CRRT in survivors compared to non-survivors.
Conclusions
CRRT improved oxygenation in mechanically ventilated pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients with ALI.
In this single-center study, CRRT was not associated with long-term survival in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. Clinical data exist, both before and during CRRT, that may be associated with length of survival. Lower C-reactive protein levels at CRRT end were associated with longer survival, suggesting that the ability to attenuate inflammation during CRRT may afford a survival advantage. These findings require confirmation in a prospective study.
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