J. 1995. Somatic emhryogenesis of Cyclamen persicum in liquid medium. -Physiol. Plant. 94: 605-612.A method is described for the production of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill, in liquid medium. Five steps are involved; initiation of embryogenic cell lines, proliferation of pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) on auxin-containing medium, development of somatic embryos on hormone-free medium with high osmolarity, germination and subsequent piantlet formation. Cell lines were initiated by culturing the explant. the seedling tuber, directly in liquid medium. Three parameters were important for obtaining embryogenic cell lines: explant density, hormone concentrations and subculture regime. The rate of uptake of the hormones 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and kinetin influenced the formation of PEMs. Highly embryogenic cell lines were obtained only when PEMs had formed within 5-7 weeks. PEMs were proliferated for at least 24 months and could be isolated from each subculture for the production of somatic embryos. A high sucrose content (175 mA/) in the development medium without hormones ensured efficient embryo development from PEMs. A subsequent subculture in low sucrose concentration (58 mA/) induced tbe formation of a tuber, thus promoting gennination. Arabinogaiactan-proteins (AGPs) from carrot seeds and AGPs bound by the monoclonal antibody ZUM 18 increased the number of PEMs in a culture, showing that the activity of AGPs is not species specific.Key words -Arabinogaiactan-proteins, Cyclamen persicum.. somatic embryogenesis. M. Kreuger {corresponding author} et ai. S&G Seeds,
A method is described for the production of somatic embryos of Cyclamen persicum Mill. in liquid medium. Five steps are involved; initiation of embryogenic cell lines, proliferation of pro‐embryogenic masses (PEMs) on auxin‐containing medium, development of somatic embryos on hormone‐free medium with high osmolarity, germination and subsequent plantlet formation. Cell lines were initiated by culturing the explant, the seedling tuber, directly in liquid medium. Three parameters were important for obtaining embryogenic cell lines; explant density, hormone concentrations and subculture regime. The rate of uptake of the hormones 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and kinetin influenced the formation of PEMs. Highly embryogenic cell lines were obtained only when PEMs had formed within 5–7 weeks. PEMs were proliferated for at least 24 months and could be isolated from each subculture for the production of somatic embryos. A high sucrose content (175 mM) in the development medium without hormones ensured efficient embryo development from PEMs. A subsequent subculture in low sucrose concentration (58 mM) induced the formation of a tuber, thus promoting germination. Arabinogalactan‐proteins (AGPs) from carrot seeds and AGPs bound by the monoclonal antibody ZUM 18 increased the number of PEMs in a culture, showing that the activity of AGPs is not species specific.
A method was developed for the inoculation of flowers of cut roses with conidia of Botrytis cinerea. Flower buds were inoculated by spraying of conidial supensions that were ultrasonicated for 10 s. The differences in susceptibility between 8 rose cvs to infections of isolate Bc‐33 and the differences in pathogenicity between 14 5. cinerea isolates to cv. ‘Sonia’ were evaluated. Isolates obtained from rose flowers caused higher infection rates than those obtamed from various other hosts. The CVS ‘Madelon’, ‘Melody’ and ‘Sonia’ were found to be highly susceptible, whereas the cvs ‘Caramboie’, ‘Gabriella’, ‘Pasadena’ and ‘Rubinette’ were only slightly susceptible. The lower disease severity in the less susceptible cvs was based on a retardation of the growth of mfection hyphae in the petals, which may have been due to partial resistance. The formation of symptoms is effectuated already by the initial stages in the infection process. Thus, the apparent existing partial resistance to infections of B. cinerea cannot prevent the loss of ornamental value.
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