The cumulative Nd:YAG laser rate after bag-in-the-lens implantation was zero. A zero rate has not been reported with lens-in-the-bag implantation of an IOL of the same biomaterial or of other biomaterials, as published in the literature. Thus, it can be concluded that the bag-in-the-lens implantation technique has 100% effectiveness against posterior capsule opacification.
Well cementing is a crucial component of deepwater well construction and the key to its success is the performance of the cementing plug. Plug performance is primarily based on its mechanical wiping efficiency and wear resistance. Although, limited understanding of the performance has hindered the establishment of standards, while the American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice for Performance Testing Cementing Float Equipment (API RP10F) provides recommended testing practices to evaluate the performance of cementing float equipment, however it does not include cementing plugs.
Cementing wiper plugs provides a physical barrier to cement contamination by separating displacement fluid and wiping residual mud film, and other materials, from the pipes’ inside surface. Separation and wiping efficiency are directly related to the plug’s wear resistance and the process of balancing design to achieve optimal stiffness and pressure containment. This design balance is achieved through rigorous material testing and design refinement. The analysis of wiper cuttings samples has provided a clear understanding of the plug’s ability to provide a physical barrier to separate fluids and to function downhole tools. This cuttings evaluation has provided information on material loss and positive fin interference. Results of the evaluation are corroborated by field performance achieved in cementing lengths of casing greater than 16,000 ft (4,876.8 m).
Plug wear is a particular concern in these long, high-volume deepwater casing strings where it can lead to displacement errors and the reliability problems for downhole pressure-actuated tools. These displacement errors are examined in field applications that locate the plug precisely at multiple points during the cementing process.
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