The present study aimed to measure the expression of WNT1 in ameloblastoma (AB). Immunohistochemistry was used to observe changes in WNT1 expression in 80 AB samples, 10 keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) samples and 10 normal oral mucosa (NOM) samples. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to measure WNT1 protein and mRNA expression, respectively, in 30 AB samples, 5 KCOT samples, 5 NOM samples and 3 tooth germ samples. Ectopic cytoplasmic expression of WNT1 was detected in AB; 88.8% (71/80) of the samples were WNT1-positive. The western blotting results demonstrated that compared with NOM (0.57±0.05), WNT1 expression was significantly higher in AB tissue (1.74±0.36, P<0.05), whereas it was not significantly different between AB and KCOT samples (0.80±0.06, P>0.05). RT-qPCR revealed that the level of WNT1 gene expression in AB was increased 2.43-fold compared with normal mucosa, and 1.77-fold compared with tooth germ tissue. In conclusion, WNT1 protein and mRNA expression were increased in AB, and there was ectopic cytoplasmic expression. This indicates that WNT1 may serve an important role in AB occurrence and development.
Foam
stability is significantly important for enhancing oil recovery
and sequestration of carbon dioxide underground. Nanoparticles have
been widely used to improve foam stability, but traditional experiments
cannot well reveal the mechanisms of nanoparticles on stabilizing
foams and the interactions among nanoparticles, surfactants, and liquid
films. In order to clarify the mechanisms of enhancing foam stability
by nanoparticles, the adsorption behaviors of nanoparticles with different
modification degrees on the liquid film and the effects of different
compounded systems of nanoparticles and surfactants on the foam stability
were studied by molecular simulation. Moreover, the foam stability
of the compounded systems was evaluated by experiments. The results
show that the foam stability of single nanoparticles increases first
and then decreases with the increase of hydrophobic properties. The
electrically charged properties of nanoparticles can significantly
affect the foam stability of the compound system with nanoparticles
and surfactants. The electrostatic repulsion between hydrophilic nanoparticles
and anionic surfactants results in irregular arrangement of surfactants
in the liquid film, which reduces foam stability. On the contrary,
the electrostatic attraction between cationic surfactants and hydrophilic
nanoparticles can promote the orderly arrangement of cationic surfactants
and thus enhance the foam stability. Amphiphilic nanoparticles can
interact with anionic or cationic surfactants, which not only strengthens
the regular arrangement of surfactants on the interface but also fills
the interface cavity and improves the foam stability. In addition,
the experimental results show that there is an optimal ratio between
nanoparticles and surfactants. Nanoparticles can reduce the foaming
volume to a certain extent, but appropriate nanoparticles can effectively
prolong the foam half-life. This study elucidates the mechanism of
the nanoparticles/surfactant system in enhancing foam stability and
provides an important theoretical basis and guidance for nanoparticle
modification and optimization of foam flooding.
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