In this paper, the field-free alignment of molecule ClCN is investigated with a terahertz few-cycle pulse (THz FCP) based on the time-dependent density matrix theory. It is shown that a high degree of molecular alignment can be obtained by changing the matching number of the THz FCP in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes. The matching number can affect both the maximum value of the alignment and the time at which it is achieved. It is also found that a higher degree of alignment by the THz FCP can be achieved at lower intensity and there exists the optimization threshold of molecular alignment with the increasing of the field amplitude. Also found is the frequency sensitive region in which the degree of maximum alignment can greatly be enhanced through the modulation of the center frequencies of different THz FCPs. The investigation demonstrates that comparing with a THz single-cycle pulse, a better result of the field-free alignment can be created by a THz FCP at the constant rotational temperature of molecule.
Aggregation induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) phenomena have attracted extensive attention recently. In this paper, several theoretical models including monomer, dimer and complex are used for explanation of the luminescent properties of (R)-5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione ((R)-ImNCz), which recently reported in literature [Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 418, 129167]. Polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method are adopted in simulation of the property of the molecule in gas phase, solvated in acetonitrile and in aggregation states. It is found that large spin–orbit coupling (SOC) constants and smaller energy gap between the first singlet excited state and the first triplet excited state (ΔE
st) in prism-like single crystals (SCp-form) are responsible for the TADF of (R)-lmNCz, while no TADF is found in block-like single crystals (SCb-form) with a larger ΔE
st. The multiple ultralong phosphorescence (UOP) peaks in the spectrum were of complex origins, and they are related not only to ImNCz but also to a minor amount of impurities (ImNBd) in the crystal prepared in laboratory. The dimer has similar phosphorescence emission wavelengths with the (R)-lmNCz-SCp monomers. The complex composed of (R)-lmNCz and (R)-lmNBd contributes to the phosphorescent emission peak at about 600 nm, and the phosphorescent emission peak at about 650nm is generated by (R)-lmNBd. It indicates that impurity could also donate emission in molecular crystals. The present calculations clarify the relationship between the molecular aggregation and the light-emitting properties of the TADF emitters and would therefore be helpful for the design of potentially more useful TADF emitters.
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