Traditional incineration and landfill of food processing waste (FPW) have polluted the environment and underutilized valuable bioactive compounds, including polyphenols in food waste. As one of the most widely occurring compounds in the FPW, polyphenols possess high utilization value in many fields such as human health, energy, and environmental protection. Extracting polyphenols directly from FPW can maximize the value of polyphenols and avoid waste of resources. However, traditional polyphenol extraction methods mostly use the Soxhlet extraction, infiltration, and impregnation method, consuming a large amount of organic solvent and suffering from long extraction time and low extraction efficiency. Emerging green extraction methods such as supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and other methods can shorten the extraction time and improve the solvent extraction efficacy, resulting in the green and safe recovery of polyphenols from FPW. In this paper, the traditional treatment methods of FPW waste and the application of polyphenols in FPW are briefly reviewed, and the traditional extraction methods and emerging green extraction methods of polyphenols in FPW are compared to obtain insight into the start-of-the-art extraction approaches.
Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds existing in food and fruit, play an essential role in anti‐oxidation, anti‐inflammation, anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and antiaging by scavenging free radicals, regulating cellular redox potential, signaling pathways, and so on. Due to the low bioavailability/high activity paradox, the functional mechanism of polyphenols in biomedicine has attracted widespread attention. This review summarizes polyphenols (especially quercetin) chemical structure and bioactive mechanism (signaling pathways, enzyme activity, cell redox potential, and gene expression) to show in‐depth biomedical functional mechanisms for the control of chronic heath diseases such as oxidation, inflammation, cancer, atherosclerosis, and aging. This study can deepen the understanding of polyphenols' effects on human health. Novelty impact statement Providing another perspective for the comprehensive reuse of polyphenols in food and fruit. Summarizing the polyphenols in biomedical research progress of function mechanism. Deeping the understanding of the effects of polyphenols on human health.
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