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Abstract. The objective of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of flavonoid components in Scutellaria baicalensis on proliferation, metastasis and lung cancer-associated inflammation during nicotine induction in the A549 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines. After experimental period, augmentation of proliferation was observed, accompanied by marked decrease in apoptotic cells in nicotine-induced lung cancer cells; additionally, nicotine-exposed cells exhibited increased invasive and migratory abilities based on invasion and wound-healing assay. Flavones in Scutellaria, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin significantly counteracted the above deleterious changes. Moreover, assessment of tumor apoptotic and metastatic factors on mRNA levels by quantitative PCR and protein levels by western blotting revealed that these phytochemical treatments effectively negated nicotine-induced upregulated expression of bcl-2, bcl-2/bax ratio, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 as well as downregulated expression of bax. Further analysis of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in cell culture supernatant and mRNA and protein expression of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-κB) and I kappa B-alpha (IκB-α) was carried out to substantiate the anti-inflammatory effect of flavones in Scutellaria in nicotine-exposed lung cancer cells. The therapeutic effects observed in the present study are attributed to the potent potential against proliferation, metastasis and inflammatory microenvironment by flavonoid components in Scutellaria in nicotine-induced lung cancer cells.

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Bioactive membranes with growth factors that mimic the physiological microenvironment of periodontal tissues have shown great potential for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). However, the loss of bioactivity and the uncontrolled drug release in conventional membranes limit their efficacy. In addition, membranes with local infection control ability would provide additional benefits to regeneration. In this work, nanoengineered membranes with growth factor and antibiotic delivery capabilities were developed to achieve dual functions for efficient GTR. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with large pores with the ability to encapsulate and preserve the bioactivity of growth factors were used as the core, and antibiotics were loaded in shell nanofibers with coaxial electrospinning. A sustained release behavior of the growth factor was observed, and the nanoparticle-encapsulated core−shell nanofibers show better ontogenetic regeneration abilities toward bone marrow stromal cells, compared to current commercial Bio-Gide membranes. In addition, the drug-loaded nanocomposite core−shell nanofibers showed excellent antibacterial properties toward Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and multispecies oral bacteria. The MSNs-embedded core−shell nanofiber system provides an attractive strategy to deliver dual drugs for GTR with better performance.

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