A local thermal strain engineering approach via an ac-heated thermal probe was incorporated into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI 3 ) crystals and acts as a driving force for ferroic twin domain dynamics, local ion migration, and property tailoring. Periodically, striped ferroic twin domains and their dynamic evolutions were successfully induced by local thermal strain and high-resolution thermal imaging, giving decisive evidence of the ferroelastic nature in MAPbI 3 perovskites at room temperature. Local thermal ionic imaging and chemical mappings demonstrate that domain contrasts are from local methylammonium (MA + ) redistribution into the stripes of chemical segregation in response to the local thermal strain fields. The present results reveal an inherent coupling among local thermal strains, ferroelastic twin domains, local chemical-ion segregations, and physical properties and offer a potential path to improve the functionality of metal halide perovskite-based solar cells.
Scanning thermal microscopy is used to perform direct imaging local conductive path and dynamic behaviors in the degraded multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) due to the thermal conductivity difference between the dielectric layers and the conductive regions. For local conductive path, its electrical tree dynamic growth behaviors under the dc bias on and off state are clearly obtained in the thermal image. Such phenomena reveal that space–charge‐limited current mechanism dominates in local conductive path region of MLCCs. The results give a strong demonstration of scanning thermal microscopy as a powerful tool for imaging local conductive behavior in MLCCs, which provides us a direct, unique view to clarify local breakdown mechanism and enriches our insights in the insulation resistance degradation and the reliability of MLCCs.
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