The maturity date of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sensitive to photoperiod, which varies with latitude and growing seasons. The maturity group (MG) system, composed of 13 MGs, is a major approach in characterizing varieties’ ecological properties and adaptable areas. A total of 512 world soybean varieties, including 48 MG checks, were tested at a major site (Nanjing, 32.04°N) with portions tested in supplementary sites (Heihe, 50.22°N; Mudanjiang, 44.60°N; Jining, 35.38°N and Nanning, 22.84°N) in China to explore the world-wide MG distribution. The maturity date of the world soybean varied greatly (75–201 d) in Nanjing. Along with soybeans disseminated to new areas, the MGs further expanded during the last 70 years from MG I–VII to the early MG 0–000 in the north continents and to the late MG VIII–X in the south continents with the growth period structure differentiated into two subgroups in each MG 0–VIII except V. The cluster analysis among MGs and subgroups using genome-wide markers validated the MG sequential emergence order and the subgroup differentiation in eight MGs. For future evaluation, in addition to one major site (Nanjing), one supplementary southern site (Nanning) and one supplementary northern site (Heihe) are sufficient.
Background Osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( ONFH ) is a refractory disease which frequently occurs in young and middle‐aged people. Recent studies indicated that MMP ‐14 played an important role in the development of chondrocytes, metabolism of osteoblasts as well as fate decision of hypertrophic chondrocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of MMP ‐14 and steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in the Chinese population. Methods We selected 7 SNP s (rs3751488, rs1003349, rs1042703, rs2236302, rs1042704, rs2236303, and rs2236304) on gene MMP ‐14 . Odds ratios ( OR s) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI s) were estimated using the chi‐squared test, genetic model analysis, haplotype analysis, and stratification analysis. Results We discovered that the genotype “G/G” of rs2236302 was associated with ONFH risk in the MMP ‐14 in the codominant model ( OR = 8.62, 95% CI = 1.07–69.46, p = 0.038) and recessive model ( OR = 8.86, 95% CI = 1.10–71.31, p = 0.013). Conclusions We have confirmed that the susceptive SNP s (rs2236302) of MMP ‐14 from the MMP s/ TIMP s system exhibit a significant association with increased risk of steroid‐induced ONFH in the population of northern China.
A phenazine−polyketide hybrid compound, nexphenazine A (1), was isolated from Streptomyces sp. KIB-H483. The bioinformatic analysis of the draft genome of the producing strain and gene inactivation experiments revealed that the biosynthesis of 1 involves a phenazine−polyketide hybrid gene cluster. The abolished production of 1 as well as the accumulation of shunt metabolites 4−7 in mutant strain ΔnpzI revealed the key role of the npzI gene, which encodes an NAD(P)H-dependent ketoreductase, in nexphenazine biosynthesis. The structures and absolute configurations of the isolated intermediates were established on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis, singlecrystal X-ray diffraction, chiral chromatography, and chemical conversion experiments. NpzI exhibited stereochemical selectivity in reducing the carbonyl group of 4. Nexphenazine biosynthesis is proposed to involve a condensation of the carboxyl group of phenazine with one molecule of methylmalonyl-CoA by a type I PKS, followed by a ketone reduction by NpzI and an unknown methylation reaction.
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