Background Exophthalmos occurs in patients with primary hyperthyroidism. There were few studies about the changes of brain functional networks of patients with exophthalmos of primary hyperthyroidism (EOPH). However, differences in spontaneous brain activity in patients with EOPH remain unclear. Objective This study explored alterations in the brain functional networks of patients with EOPH using a voxel-wise degree centrality (DC) method. Methods A total of 20 patients with EOPH (8 men and 12 women) were enrolled. In addition, 20 patients with primary hyperthyroidism without exophthalmos, matched in age, sex, and education status, were enrolled as a control group. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess the anxiety and depression status of participants. All participants were examined using resting-state functional MRI. Changes in spontaneous brain activity were investigated using the DC method. To distinguish between the DC values of the patients with EOPH and those of the control group, we analyzed the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The interrelationships between the DC values and clinical variables in the patients with EOPH were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results Patients with EOPH exhibited notably lower DC values in the cerebellum posterior lobe than the control group. In addition, there were negative correlations between the anxiety scores (AS) and the depression scores (DS) and DC values of the cerebellum posterior lobe. The ROC curve analysis of the cerebellum posterior lobe demonstrated that the area under the curve method had a high diagnostic accuracy. Conclusions Our study was the first, to our knowledge, to explore changes in the brains of patients with EOPH using the DC method. The DC value was significantly different in the cerebellum posterior lobe in patients with EOPH, indicating that the cerebellum posterior lobe is associated with EOPH.
The scallops Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis from the Yellow Sea are evaluated according to the seasonal changes of lipid nutritional value including lipid classes, phospholipid (PL) classes, fatty acid (FA) composition, atherogenicity index (IA), thrombogenicity index (IT), and glycerophospholipid molecular species, for the first time. More than 32 species of glycerophosphocholine (GPCho) and 42 species of glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPEtn) are determined. For samples harvested in February, the PL molecular species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) account for 48.57–50.77% and 80.45–85.50% of total molecular species, respectively, for GPCho and GPEtn. Moreover, the samples harvested in February contain higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (58.76–59.12% of total FA) and PL (84.67–85.11% of total lipids) but lower level of cholesterol (8.77–10.10%) as well as IA (0.29–0.31) and IT (0.12–0.13) compared to samples harvested in other seasons. Therefore considering nutritional value, the lipids from scallops (C. farreri and P. yessoensis) harvested in February have better value in view of commercial exploitation. Practical Application: A systematic and in‐depth investigation on seasonal changes in basic component and lipid nutritional value in adductor muscle of C. farreri and P. yessoensis is reported in this contribution. This useful information makes it possible to use scallop lipid for producing higher value‐added products in view of commercial exploitation. Chlamys farreri and Patinopecten yessoensis from the Yellow Sea are evaluated according to the seasonal changes of lipid qualities including lipid classes, phospholipid classes, fatty acid composition, atherogenicity index, thrombogenicity index, and glycerophospholipid molecular species for the first time. Considering nutritional value, the lipids from scallops (C. farreri and P. yessoensis) harvest in February have better value in view of commercial exploitation.
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In this study, we analyzed the mechanism and the process of fungal-induced agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis and studied the functional changes in the xylem structure after the process. The microscopic structure of the white zone, transition zone, agarwood zone, and decay zone of 12-and 18-months of inoculation A. sinensis xylem was studied. The distribution of nuclei, starch grains, soluble sugars, sesquiterpenes, fungal propagules, and mycelium in xylem tissues was investigated by histochemical analysis. The results show that the process of agarwood formation was accompanied by apoptosis of parenchyma cells such as interxylary phloem, xylem rays, and axial parenchyma. Regular changes in the conversion of starch grains to soluble sugars, the production of sesquiterpenoids, and other characteristic components of agarwood in various types of parenchyma cells were also observed. The material transformation was concentrated in the interxylary phloem, providing a structural and material basis for the formation of agarwood. It is the core part of the production of sesquiterpenoids and other characteristic products of agarwood. Compared with the A. sinensis inoculated for 12 months, the xylem of the A. sinensis inoculated for 18 months was more vigorous. There were no significant differences between the 12 and 18 months of inoculation in terms of sugars and agarwood characteristic products. In production, harvesting after 12 months of inoculation can improve harvesting efficiency.
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