Cancer vaccines developed from autologous tumor holds tremendous promise for individualized cancer immunotherapy. Cryoablation-induced in situ autologous antigen is capable of activating systemic immunity with low damage. However, the dissipation...
Therapeutic cancer vaccines have been vigorously sought
to bolster
host adaptive immunity against metastatic cancers, but tumor heterogeneity,
ineffective antigen utilization, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment
hinder their clinical applications. Autologous antigen adsorbability
and stimulus-release carrier coupling with immunoadjuvant capacity
are urgent for personalized cancer vaccines. Here, we propose a perspective
strategy of using a multipotent gallium-based liquid metal (LM) nanoplatform
for personalized in situ cancer vaccines (ISCVs).
The antigen-capturing and immunostimulatory LM nanoplatform can not
only effectively destroy orthotopic tumors to generate multifarious
autologous antigens upon external energy stimulation (photothermal/photodynamic
effect) but also capture and transport antigens into dendritic cells
(DCs) to enhance antigen utilization (adequate DCs uptake, antigen-endo/lysosomal
escape) and facilitate DCs activation (mimic alum immunoadjuvant capacity),
which ultimately awaken systemic antitumor immunity (expand cytotoxic
T lymphocytes and modulate tumor microenvironment). With immune checkpoint
blockade (anti-PD-L1) to further relieve the immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment, the positive tumoricidal immunity feedback loop
was established to effectively eliminate orthotopic tumors, inhibit
abscopal tumor growth, relapse, and metastasis as well as tumor-specific
prevention. Collectively, this study demonstrates the potential of
a multipotent LM nanoplatform for personalized ISCVs, which will open
frontier exploration of LM-based immunostimulatory biomaterials and
may encourage further investigation of precise individualized immunotherapy.
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