In situ-derived boron-doped graphene quantum dots can significantly improve the activity of boron carbide nanosheets for artificial N2 fixation.
Electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3 under ambient conditions is a promising and environmentally friendly route compared with the CO2-emitting and energy-intensive Haber–Bosch process. Nevertheless, due to ultrahigh stability of N2, it is urgent to explore efficient catalysts to weaken and activate the N≡N bond. Here, we report the Mo-doped iron phosphide (Mo-FeP) nanosphere as a valid transition-metal-based catalyst for electrochemical N2-to-NH3 fixation under ambient conditions. This catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic performance with a NH4 + yield rate (13.1 μg h–1 mg–1) and Faradaic efficiency (7.49%) at −0.3 and −0.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively. However, the FeP catalyst without doped Mo species displays weak catalytic performance. We found that the better catalytic performance of Mo-FeP might be due to the doping of Mo species, which is favorable for the polarization of adsorbed N2 molecules, making the N≡N bond more viable to dissociate.
Primary pleural angiosarcoma (PPA) is an extremely rare malignancy for which there is no consensus on treatment. The clinical course of PPA is usually quickly fatal, regardless of the treatment used.We summarized and evaluated a relatively large population of published PPA cases to assess prognostic factors, diagnostic approaches, treatment methods and clinical outcomes. Using the CNKI, Embase, and PubMed databases, literature published in English and Chinese from 1988 through 2020 was searched using the terms “primary pleural angiosarcoma,” “pleural angiosarcoma,” and “pleuropulmonary angiosarcoma.”A total of 43 patients with PPA were identified in retrospective case series and case reports. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range 24–87 years), and the median overall survival was 4 months (range 0.1–180 months). Approximately 80% of patients died from PPA within 10 months of diagnosis, and the 2-year survival rate was approximately 4.4%. In univariate analyses, the presence of pleural effusion and hemothorax were significant predictors of decreased survival, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.7 (P = .04) and 3.3 (P = .006), respectively. Sixteen patients received no therapy, and their prognosis was worse than patients who did receive therapy (P = .019). Radiation therapy improved survival more than no radiation therapy (P = .007). Patients appeared to derive clinical benefit from chemotherapy (P = .048). However, tumor resection did not seem to provide a survival benefit (P = .051). In multivariate analysis, tumor resection, and radiation were independent, statistically significant, positive predictors of better survival, with HRs of 0.3 (P = .017) and 0.1 (P = .006), respectively. The presence of hemothorax was an independent predictor of worse prognosis (P = .006).Primary angiosarcoma of the pleura is a rare, poorly understood malignancy with a poor prognosis; hence, the clinical spectrum of PPA is not completely defined. By multivariate analysis, this retrospective study showed a survival benefit of tumor resection or radiation therapy, and the presence of hemothorax was a significant prognostic factor for poor outcomes.
Till now, no appropriate biomarkers for high‐risk population screening and prognosis prediction have been identified for patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, by the combined use of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐oesophageal carcinoma (ESCA), we aimed to screen dysregulated genes with prognostic value in ESCC and the genetic and epigenetic alterations underlying the dysregulation. About 222 genes that had at least fourfold change in ESCC compared with adjacent normal tissues were identified using the microarray data in GDS3838. Among these genes, only PDLIM2 was associated with nodal invasion and overall survival (OS) at the same time. The high PDLIM2 expression group had significantly longer OS and its expression was independently associated with better OS (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43‐0.95, P = 0.03), after adjustment for gender and pathologic stages. The expression of its exon 7/8/9/10 had the highest AUC value (0.724) and better prognostic value (HR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22‐0.83, P = 0.01) than total PDLIM2 expression. PDLIM2 DNA copy deletion was common in ESCC and was associated with decreased gene expression. The methylation status of two CpG sites (cg23696886 and cg20449614) in the proximal promoter region of PDLIM2 showed a moderate negative correlation with the gene expression in PDLIM2 copy neutral/amplification group. In conclusion, we infer that PDLIM2 expression might be a novel prognostic indicator for ESCC patients. Its exon 7/8/9/10 expression had the best prognostic value. Its down‐regulation might be associated with gene‐level copy deletion and promoter hypermethylation.
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