We herein demonstrate the unusual effectiveness of two strategies in combination to enhance photoelectrochemical water splitting. First, the work function adjustment via molybdenum (Mo) doping significantly reduces the interfacial energy loss and increases the open-circuit photovoltage of bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) photoelectrochemical cells. Second, the creation and optimization of the heterojunction of boron (B) doping carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ) and Mo doping BiVO 4 to enforce directional charge transfer, accomplished by work function adjustment via B doping for C 3 N 4 , substantially boost the charge separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs at the B-C 3 N 4 and Mo-BiVO 4 interface. The synergy between the above efforts have significantly reduced the onset potential, and enhanced charge separation and optical properties of the BiVO 4 -based photoanode, culminating in achieving a record applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of 2.67% at 0.54 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. This work sheds light on designing and fabricating the semiconductor structures for the next-generation photoelectrodes.

Industrial application of overall water splitting requires developing readily available, highly efficient, and stable oxygen evolution electrocatalysts that can efficiently drive large current density. This study reports a facile and practical method to fabricate a non‐noble metal catalyst by directly growing a Co‐Fe Prussian blue analogue on a 3D porous conductive substrate, which is further phosphorized into a bifunctional Fe‐doped CoP (Fe‐CoP) electrocatalyst. The Fe‐CoP/NF (nickel foam) catalyst shows efficient electrocatalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction, requiring low overpotentials of 190, 295, and 428 mV to achieve 10, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2 current densities in 1.0 m KOH solution. In addition, the Fe‐CoP/NF can also function as a highly active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction with a low overpotential of 78 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density in alkaline solution. Thus, the Fe‐CoP/NF electrode with meso/macropores can act as both an anode and a cathode to fabricate an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, only requiring a cell voltage of 1.49 V to afford a 10 mA cm−2 current density with remarkable stability. This performance appears to be among the best reported values and is much better than that of the IrO2‐Pt/C‐based electrolyzer.

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) induced photothermal and photoelectrocatalysis effects are crucial for catalytic reactions in many areas. However, it is still difficult to distinguish these two effects quantitatively. Here we used surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect the photothermal and photoelectrocatalytic effects induced by SPR from Au core Pt shell Nanoparticles (Au@Pt NPs), and calculated the quantitative contribution of the ratio of the photothermal and photoelectrocatalysis effects towards the catalytic activity. The photothermal effect on the nanoparticle surface after illumination is detected by SERS. The photoelectrocatalytic effect generated from SPR is proved by SERS with a probe molecule of p-aminothiophenol (PATP).

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We have noticed the following misprints in our paper:2. Page 2, right column, 8th line from the bottom: it should be 2⍀ ± = + + ⌫ + ± ⍀ 0 instead of ⍀ ± = + + ⌫ + ± ⍀ 0 .

We present the structural and magnetic properties of a new compound family, Mg2RE3Sb3O14 (RE = Gd, Dy, Er), with a hitherto unstudied frustrating lattice, the "tripod kagome" structure. Susceptibility (ac, dc) and specific heat exhibit features that are understood within a simple Luttinger-Tisza type theory. For RE = Gd, we found long ranged order (LRO) at 1.65 K, which is consistent with a 120• structure, demonstrating the importance of diople interactions for this 2D Heisenberg system. For RE = Dy, LRO at 0.37 K is related to the "kagome spin ice (KSI)" physics for a 2D system. This result shows that the tripod kagome structure accelerates the transition to LRO predicted for the related pyrochlore systems. For RE = Er, two transitions, at 80 mK and 2.1 K are observed, suggesting the importance of quantum fluctuations for this putative XY system. Introduction.-The two-dimensional (2D) kagome lattice magnet (KLM) has been a favorite in the theoretical condensed matter community since the experimental work on SCGO [1], due to the strong frustration associated with its network of corner-shared triangles. [15]. From a materials standpoint, however, these two systems are limited by (i) known defect prone structures [14,16], and (ii) the inability to substitute facilely on the magnetic site (e.g with non-Heisenberg spins) to realize states other than the QSL. Clearly then, finding new KLM-containing compounds with spin-type variability is a challenge of the highest order.Intriguingly, a 2D KLM is naturally contained in the frustrated 3D pyrochlore structure. In pyrochlores RE 2 X 2 O 7 (RE = rare earth element, X = transition metal element), both the RE 3+ and X 4+ sublattices form alternating kagome and triangular layers along the [111] axis as a result of corner-shared tetrahedrons ( Fig. 1(a)) [17]. However, the strong inter-layer interaction enforces three-dimensionality. An exception is found in studies of Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 in a [111] magnetic field, which polarizes the triangular layer spins, effectively decoupling the kagome planes, leading to a KSI state [17].Obviously, if one can remove the magnetic moment of the triangular layers in the pyrochlore lattice, a RE-kagome-

The challenge in the artificial CO2 reduction to fuel is achieving high selective electrocatalysts. Here, a highly selective Cu2O/CuO heterostructure electrocatalyst is developed for CO2 electroreduction. The Cu2O/CuO nanowires modified by Ni nanoparticles exhibit superior catalytic performance with high faradic efficiency (95% for CO). Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the hybridization of Cu2O/CuO nanowires and Ni nanoparticles can not only adjust the d‐band center of electrocatalysts to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity but also improve the adsorption of COOH* intermediates and suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction to promote the CO conversion efficiency during CO2 reduction reaction. An in situ Raman spectroscopic study further confirms the existence of COOH* species and the engineering intermediates adsorption. This work offers new insights for facile designing of nonprecious transition metal compound heterostructure for CO2 reduction reaction through adjusting the reaction pathway.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinopathy characterized by retinal neovascularization (RNV) occurring in preterm infants treated with high concentrations of oxygen and may lead to blindness in severe cases. Currently, anti-VEGF therapy is a major treatment for ROP, but it is costly and may cause serious complications. The previous study has demonstrated that melatonin exerted neuroprotective effect against retinal ganglion cell death induced by hypoxia in neonatal rats. However, whether melatonin is anti-angiogenic and neuroglial protective in the progression of ROP remains unknown. Thus, this study was to investigate the effect of melatonin on RNV and neuroglia in the retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice. The results showed a reduction in retinal vascular leakage in OIR mice after melatonin treatment. Besides, the size of retinal neovascular and avascular areas, the number of preretinal neovascular cell nuclei, and the number of proliferative vascular endothelial cells within the neovascular area were significantly decreased in mice treated with melatonin. After oxygen-induced injury, the density of astrocytes was decreased, accompanied by morphologic and functional changes of astrocytes. Besides, retinal microglia were also activated. Meanwhile, the levels of inflammatory factors were elevated. However, these pathologic processes were all hindered by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, HIF-1α-VEGF pathway was activated in the retina of OIR mice, yet was suppressed in melatonin-treated OIR mice retinas. In conclusion, melatonin prevented pathologic neovascularization, protected neuroglial cells, and exerts anti-inflammation effect via inhibition of HIF-1α-VEGF pathway in OIR retinas, suggesting that melatonin could be a promising therapeutic agent for ROP.